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January 20

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

January 20 is the 20th day of the year in theGregorian calendar.There are 345 days remaining until the end of the year(346 inleap years).

Events

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Up to 1900

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250– EmperorDecius begins widespread persecution of Christians inRome
1265– TheEnglish Parliament conducts its first meeting.
1320– DukeWladyslaw Lokietek becomesKing ofPoland.
1356–Edward Balliol abdicates asKing of Scotland.
1523–Christian III is forced toabdicate the thrones ofDenmark andNorway.
1576– The city ofLeón inMexico is founded.
1649– KingCharles I of England, Scotland and Ireland goes on trial for treason and 'high crimes'.
1778–James Cook lands on theHawaiian island ofKaua'i.
1783–Great Britain signs apeace treaty withFrance andSpain.
1788– The third and main part of theFirst Fleet ofconvicts fromGreat Britain arrives atBotany Bay.Arthur Phillip decides to move the convict colony slightly further along the coast toPort Jackson, present–daySydney,Australia.
1801–John Marshall is appointed Chief Justice of theUnited States.
1839–Battle of Yungay:Chile defeatsPeru andBolivia.
1840–Jules Dumont D'Urville's expedition toAntarctica discoversAdelie Land.
1841–Hong Kong comes under British control.
1855–LaMarcus Adna Thompson patents theroller coaster.
1877– Last day of theConstantinople Conference, which results in an agreement for political reforms in the Balkans.
1885–L.A. Thompson patents theroller coaster.
1887– Off theBrazilian coast, Britishimmigrant shipKapunda collides with thebarqueAda Melmore, causing it to sink within 5minutes, killing 297 of the 313 people on board, including all women and children.
1887– TheUnited States Senate allows theUnited States Navy to leasePearl Harbor,Hawaii as a naval base.
1892– The firstbasketball game under rules invented byJames Naismith takes place inSpringfield, Massachusetts.

1901– 2000

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1905– The EgyptianBridge inSaint Petersburg,Russia, collapses.
1920– TheAmerican Civil Liberties Union is founded.
1921–Turkey's firstconstitution is adopted.
1929–In Old Arizona, the first full–length talkingmovie filmed outdoors, is released.
1934– Thephotography and electronics companyFujimovie is founded inTokyo.
1936– KingGeorge V of the United Kingdom dies. His son,Edward VIII, succeeds him.
1937– At his second inauguration,Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the firstUS President to be inaugurated on January 20.
1941–Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the firstPresident of the United States to start a third term in office. He starts his fourth term on this date in1945 and dies shortly after.
1941–World War II: A Germanpolice officer ismurdered inBucharest,Romania, sparking arebellion andpogrom by theIron Guard, killing 125Jews and 30soldiers.
1942– SeniorNazi officials meet at theWannsee Conference, to plan theHolocaust.
1945–World War II:Hungary agrees to an Armistice with the Allies.
1945–World War II:Germany begins with theevacuation of 1.8 million people from EastPrussia.
1949–Harry S. Truman proposesPoint Four program to help the world's less developed areas.
1953–Dwight D. Eisenhower becomesPresident of the United States; he is the first President from theRepublican Party sinceHerbert Hoover left office in1933.
1960–Hendrik Verwoerd announces avote on whetherSouth Africa should become aRepublic.
1961–John F. Kennedy is inaugurated asPresident of the United States.
1969–Richard Nixon becomesPresident of the United States.
1972–Pakistan launches itsnuclear weapons program.
1977–Jimmy Carter becomesPresident of the United States.
1980–Jimmy Carter announces that theUS will not participate at the1980 Summer Olympics inMoscow.
1981– TheIran hostage crisis ends within minutes ofRonald Reagan becoming US president.
1985–President Ronald Reagan is inaugurated for the second time. He becomes the first president in over a decade to serve two terms.
1986– In theUnited States,Martin Luther King Jr. Day is marked as a federal holiday for the first time.
1987–Church of England envoyTerry Waite is kidnapped inLebanon.
1989–George H. W. Bush becomesPresident of the United States succeedingPresident Ronald Reagan.
1990–Soviet forces kill civilians inBaku,Azerbaijan.
1991–Sudan'sgovernment imposesIslamic law around the country, worsening thecivil war between the mainlyMuslim North and mainlyChristian South, which would becomeSouth Sudan in2011.
1992– Air Inter Flight 148 crashes nearStrasbourg,France, killing 87 people.
1993–Bill Clinton becomesPresident of the United States, as the firstDemocratic President sinceJimmy Carter left office in1981.
1995–Jean-Claude Juncker becomesPrime Minister ofLuxembourg. He isEurope's longest–servingPrime Minister at the time he leaves office onDecember 4,2013.
1996–Yasser Arafat is electedPalestinian President.
1999– TheChina News Service announces newgovernment limits oninternet use.

From 2001

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2001– In a coup in thePhilippines,Joseph Estrada is replaced asPresident byGloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
2001–George W. Bush becomesPresident of the United States.
2006– People report seeing a bottlenosewhale in theThames inLondon. It dies late the next day after failed attempts to lead it back to the sea.
2007– A three–man team, only onskis andkites completes a 1759–kilometer (1093–mile)journey to the SouthernPole of Inaccessibility, becoming the first people to do this without mechanical help.
2009–Barack Obama becomes the firstAfrican American President of the United States.
2013–Barack Obama starts his second term asPresident of the United States, becoming the third US president in a row to serve two terms in office.
2014– TheEuropeanRosettacomet chaserspacecraft is reawakened after a 31–monthhibernation on its way to attempt landing on acomet.
2016– Aterrorist attack is carried out on the Bacha KhanUniversity in Charsadda,Pakistan, killing 21 people.
2016–Scientists announce that they are "90% certain" of the existence of a 9thplanet in thesolar system beyond theKuiper belt.
2017–Donald Trump becomesPresident of the United States.
2021–Joe Biden becomesPresident of the United States.

Births

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Up to 1900

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225–Gordian III,Roman Emperor (d.244)
1292–Elisabeth of Bohemia (d.1330)
1435–Ashikaga Yoshimasa, JapaneseShogun (d.1490)
1488–Sebastian Münster, Germanhumanist andteacher (d.1552)
1554– KingSebastian of Portugal (d.1578)
1573–Simon Marius, Germanastronomer (d.1624)
1703–Joseph-Hector Fiocco,Flemish composer andviolinist (d.1741)
1716– KingCharles III of Spain (d.1788)
1732–Richard Henry Lee, Americanstatesman (d.1794)
1761–Giovanni Domenico Perotti, Italian composer (d.1825)
1775–André-Marie Ampère, Frenchphysicist (d.1836)
1783–Justus Johann Friedrich Dotzauer, Germancellist andcomposer (d.1860)
1798–Anson Jones,President ofTexas (d.1858)
1812–Thomas Meik, Scottish engineer (d.1896)
1832–William Larrabee, 13thGovernor ofIowa (d.1912)
1834–George D. Robinson, 34thGovernor of Massachusetts (d.1896)
1855–Ernest Chausson, French composer (d.1899)
1867–Yvette Guilbert, French singer and actress (d.1944)
1873–Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, Danish writer (d.1950)
1876–Josef Hofmann, Polishinventor,composer andpianist (d.1957)
1878–Ruth St. Denis, American dancer (d.1968)
1880–Walter W. Bacon, American politician, 60thGovernor ofDelaware (d.1962)
1889–Allan Haines Loughead, Americanaviation executive (d.1969)
1891–Mischa Elman, Ukrainian–bornviolinist (d.1967)
1894–Walter Piston, American composer (d.1976)
1894–Harold Gray, Americancartoonist (d.1968)
1895–Gabor Szego, Hungarianmathematician (d.1985)
1896–George Burns, American actor and comedian (d.1996)
1896–Isabel Withers, American actress (d.1968)
1898–U Razak,Burmese politician (d.1947)
1899–Kenjiro Takayanagi, Japanesetelevision pioneer (d.1990)
1899–Clarice Cliff, Englishceramic artist (d.1972)

1901– 1950

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1902–Leon Ames, American actor (d.1993)
1907–Paul Wessely, Austrian actress (d.2000)
1910–Joy Adamson, Austrian–Czechconservationist (d.1980)
1911–Alfredo Foni, Italianfootballer (d.1985)
1913–Cleon Skousen, American writer and political theorist (d.2006)
1915–Ghulam Ishaq Khan,President of Pakistan (d.2006)
1920–Federico Fellini, Italian movie director (d.1993)
1920–DeForest Kelley, American actor (d.1999)
1920–Thorleif Schjelderup, Norwegian writer andski jumper (d.2006)
1922–Ray Anthony, Americanjazz musician and actor
1922–Don Mankiewicz, German–Americanscreenwriter andinventor (d.2015)
1923–Nora Brockstedt, Norwegian singer (d.2015)
1923–Slim Whitman, American singer (d.2013)
1924–Yvonne Loriod, Frenchpianist (d.2010)
1925–Ernesto Cardenal,Nicaraguan priest,politician andactivist
1926–Vitaly Vorotnikov,Soviet politician (d.2012)
1926–Patricia Neal, American actress (d.2010)
1926–David Tudor, Americanpianist andcomposer
1930–Buzz Aldrin, AmericanApollo 11 astronaut
1931–David Lee, Americanphysicist
1931–Hachidai Nakamura, Japanese songwriter and pianist
1932–Lou Fontinato, Canadianice hockey player
1933–Don Thompson, British athlete (d.2006)
1934–Tom Baker, British actor
1936–Frances Shand Kydd (d.2004), mother ofDiana, Princess of Wales
1939–Chandra Wickramasinghe, Sri Lankan–Britishmathematician andastronomer
1940–Mande Sidibe,Prime Minister ofMali (d.2009)
1941–Pierre Lalonde, Canadian singer andtelevision presenter
1943–Armando Guebuza,President ofMozambique
1945–Eric Stewart, British musician and songwriter
1945–Christopher Martin-Jenkins, British sportscaster andcricket journalist (d.2013)
1946–David Lynch, American movie director
1946–Vladimir Merta, Czechsinger-songwriter,journalist andwriter
1947–Cyrille Guimard, Frenchcyclist
1948–Mel Pritchard, English musician
1948–Natan Sharansky, Russian–Israeliphysicist andpolitician
1948–Nigel Williams, Englishnovelist
1949–Göran Persson, formerPrime Minister ofSweden
1950–Mahamane Ousmane, formerPresident ofNiger
1950–Liza Goddard, British actress

1951– 1975

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1952–Ian Hill, British musician
1952–Paul Stanley, American musician
1952–Ute Hommola, German athlete
1953–Jeffrey Epstein, American financier and convicted sexual abuser
1954–Rudy la Scala,Venezuelan singer-songwriter
1955–McKeeva Bush,Cayman Islands politician
1956–Bill Maher, Americanwriter,comedian and political activist
1956–Maria Larsson, Swedish politician
1957–Andy Sheppard, Englishjazz saxophonist
1958–Lorenzo Lamas, American actor
1959–R. A. Salvatore, Americanscience fiction writer
1960–Apa Sherpa,Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer
1963–David Baszucki, Founder ofRoblox
1963–James Denton, American actor
1964–Ozzie Guillén,Venezuelan baseball player
1965–Colin Calderwood, Scottishfootballer
1965–Greg Kriesel, American musician
1965–Heather Small, British singer
1965–Sophie, Countess of Wessex
1966–Rainn Wilson, American actor
1967–Stacey Dash, American actress
1969–Nicky Wire, British musician
1970–Skeet Ulrich, American actor
1971–Gary Barlow, British singer (Take That)
1971–Derrick Green, American singer
1971–Wakanohana Masaru, Japanesesumo wrestler
1972–Nikki Haley, American politician, 116thGovernor ofSouth Carolina
1973–Stephen Crabb, British politician
1973–Mathilde,Queen Consort ofBelgium
1973–Josh Weston, American gay porn actor (d.2012)
1974–Alvin Harrison, American athlete

From 1976

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1976–Kirsty Gallacher, Britishtelevision presenter
1977–Sid Wilson, American musician (Slipknot)
1978–Sonja Kesselschlaeger, Germanathlete
1979–Will Young, British singer
1979–Rob Bourdon, American musician (Linkin Park)
1980–Philippe Cousteau, Jr., French–Americanoceanographer
1981–Owen Hargreaves, Englishfootballer
1981–Freddy Guzman,Dominican baseball player
1982–Joe Swash, English actor
1983–Mari Yaguchi, Japanese singer (Morning Musume)
1984–Olivia Hallinan, English actress
1984–Lil Scrappy, Americanrapper
1984–Federico Peluso, Italianfootballer
1985–Johan Erikson, Swedish ski jumper
1985–Marina Inoue, Japanesevoice actress
1987–Marco Simoncelli, Italianmotorcycle racer (d.2011)
1987–Evan Peters, American actor
1991–Polona Hercog,Slovenian tennis player
1995–Joey Badass, Americanrapper
1995–Calum Chambers, Englishfootballer
1999–Shannon Tavarez, American actress (d.2010)

Deaths

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Up to 1900

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250–Pope Fabian
842–Theophilos, ByzantineEmperor (b.813)
1156–Bishop Henry,patron saint ofFinland
1191–Fredrick VI, Duke of Swabia (b.1167)
1410– KingMartin of Aragon (b.1356)
1479– KingJohn II of Aragon (b.1397)
1568–Myles Coverdale, EnglishBible translator
1612–Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (b.1552)
1639–Mustafa I, Ottoman Sultan (b.1591)
1666–Anna of Austria (b.1601)
1745–Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor (b.1697)
1770–Charles Yorke, Lord High Chancellor ofGreat Britain (b.1722)
1779–David Garrick, English actor (b.1717)
1819– KingCharles IV of Spain (b.1748)
1837–John Soane, Englisharchitect (b.1753)
1841–Minh Mang,Vietnamese Emperor (b.1791)
1848– KingChristian VIII of Denmark (b.1786)
1852–Onomatsu Midorinusuke, Japanesesumo wrestler (b.1794)
1859–Bettina von Arnim, German writer (b.1785)
1891– KingDavid Kalakaua ofHawaii (b.1836)
1892–John Couch Adams, Englishmathematician andastronomer (b.1819)
1900–John Ruskin, English art critic (b.1819)

1901– 2000

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1901–Zenobe Gramme, Belgianengineer (b.1826)
1913–Jose Guadalupe Posada, Mexican engraver and illustrator (b.1852)
1936– KingGeorge V of the United Kingdom (b.1865)
1940–Omar Bundy, American general (b.1861)
1957–James Brendan Connolly, American athlete (b.1865)
1971–Minanogawa Tozo, Japanesesumo wrestler (b.1903)
1971–Broncho Bill Anderson, Americanactor,director,producer andscreenwriter (b.1880)
1973–Amilcar Cabral,Guinea-Bissau politician (b.1924)
1979–Gustav Winckler, Danish singer (b.1925)
1983–Garrincha, Brazilianfootballer (b.1933)
1984–Johnny Weissmuller, American swimmer and actor (b.1904)
1989–Alamgir Kabir, Bangladeshidirector,producer andscreenwriter (b.1938)
1990–Hayedeh, Iraniansinger (b.1942)
1990–Barbara Stanwyck, American actress (b.1907)
1993–Audrey Hepburn, Belgian–born actress (b.1929)
1994–Matt Busby, Scottish football player and manager (b.1909)
1996–Gerry Mulligan, American musician (b.1927)
1997–Curt Flood, Americanbaseball player (b.1938)
1998–Bobo Brazil, Americanprofessional wrestler (b.1923)

From 2001

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2003–Al Hirschfeld, Americancaricaturist (b.1903)
2005–Per Borten,Prime Minister ofNorway (b.1913)
2005–Miriam Rothschild, Englishconservationist (b.1908)
2008–Louis de Cazenave, FrenchWorld War I veteran andsupercentenarian (b.1897)
2009–Stephanos II Ghattas, Patriarch of theEgyptian Coptic Church (b.1920)
2011–Sexy Cora, German pornographic actress (b.1987)
2012–Jiri Raska, Czechski jumper (b.1941)
2012–Etta James, American singer (b.1938)
2014–Claudio Abbado, Italianconductor (b.1933)
2014–Vern Benson, Americanbaseball player (b.1924)
2015–Anatol Hrytskievich,Belarussian historian (b.1929)
2015–Hitoshi Saito, Japanesegymnast (b.1961)
2015–Edgar Froese, Germanmusician (b.1944)
2015–Ricardo dos Santos, Brazilian surfer (b.1990)
2015–James Walker, Australiantelevision writer (b.1973)
2016–Edmonde Charles-Roux, French writer (b.1920)
2016–George Weidenfeld, Baron Weidenfeld, Austrian–British publisher, philanthropist andnewspaper columnist (b.1919)
2016–Ronald Greenwald, Americanrabbi andactivist (b.1934)
2016–David G. Hartwell, American editor, publisher and critic (b.1941)

Observances

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Armed Forces Day (Mali)
Martyrs' Day (Azerbaijan)
Inauguration Day (United States) every four years, last in2013 and next in2017. Publicinauguration of the US president is onJanuary 21 if the 20th is aSunday (like in2013).

US Presidents inaugurated on January 20

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1937–Franklin D. Roosevelt
1941– Franklin D. Roosevelt
1945– Franklin D. Roosevelt
1949–Harry S. Truman
1953–Dwight D. Eisenhower
1957– Dwight D. Eisenhower
1961–John F. Kennedy
1965–Lyndon B. Johnson
1969–Richard Nixon
1973– Richard Nixon
1977–Jimmy Carter
1981–Ronald Reagan
1985– Ronald Reagan
1989–George H. W. Bush
1993–Bill Clinton
1997– Bill Clinton
2001–George W. Bush
2005– George W. Bush
2009–Barack Obama
2013– Barack Obama
2017–Donald Trump
2021–Joe Biden

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