TheInternational Standard Book Number,ISBN, is aunique[1] commercial book identifierbarcode. The ISBN system was created in the United Kingdom, in 1966, by the booksellers and stationers W.H. Smith.
Originally, it was the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering (SBN)code and still was used in 1974; it was adopted as the international standardISO 2108 in 1970. A similar, numericidentification, theInternational Standard Serial Number (ISSN), identifies periodical publications such as magazines. Since January 1,2007, ISBNs are of 13 digits, like in BooklandEAN-13.[2] The TC 46/SC 9 is responsible for the standard.
What is the international book publishing certificate?[3]
The International Book Publishing Certificate is issued by an international organization or institution that serves as the custodian and provider of the ISBN system. This certificate is a digital document, and its authenticity can be easily verified online using the unique certificate number it contains.
It is important not to confuse the ISBN number, which is assigned to all books, with the International Book Publishing Certificate. While every published book must have an ISBN, this certificate is not available for all books.
For which books can an International Book Publishing Certificate be obtained?
To receive this certificate, the most crucial criterion is the credibility of the publisher. This is evaluated based on how frequently the publisher’s works are cited or indexed in international articles and documentation forums. A higher number of citations or indexings significantly increases the chances of being awarded the certificate. Simply publishing a book and obtaining an ISBN does not automatically result in the issuance of a certificate from isbn-international.com, as this site follows a strict review process.
The author's profile is the next most important criterion. If the publisher has a strong documentation record, the likelihood of obtaining the certificate increases. However, it is important to note that receiving the certificate is not guaranteed.
This certificate is also known by other names, such as:
An ISBN is given to each edition and variation (except reprintings) of a book. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned after January 1,2007, and 10 digits long if assigned before 2007. An International Standard Book Number consists of 4 or 5 parts:
for a 13 digit ISBN, aGS1 prefix: 978 or 979
thegroup identifier code, (group of countries sharing a language)[4]
The ISBN parts may be of different lengths, and usually are separated withhyphens or spaces.[5]
The group identifier code (GIC) number is 0 or 1 for English-speaking countries; 2 for French-speaking countries; 3 for German-speaking countries; 4 for Japanese; 5 for Russian, et cetera. The original standard book number (SBN) had no group identifier, but affixing a zero (0) as prefix to a 9-digit SBN creates a valid 10-digit ISBN. The group identifier may be up to 5 digits long; e.g. 99936 is a group identifier for the countryBhutan.[6]
The national ISBN agency assigns the publisher number (cf. the category: ISBN agencies); the publisher selects the item number. Generally, a book publisher is not required to assign an ISBN, nor for a book to display its number (except in China; see below), however, most book stores only handle ISBN bearing merchandise.
A listing of all the 628,000 assigned publisher codes is published, and can be ordered in book form,[7] but, as of 2007, it costs US$300. The web site of the international ISBN agency does not offer any free method of looking up publisher codes.
↑Occasionally publishers will use an ISBN for more than one title (e.g. the first edition of "The Ultimate Alphabet" and "The Ultimate Alphabet Workbook" have the same ISBN, 0-8050-0076-3). On the other hand, books can be published with more than one ISBN: A German-as-a-second-language edition ofEmil und die Detektive has the ISBNs 87-23-90157-8 (Denmark), 0-8219-1069-8 (United States), 91-21-15628-X (Sweden), 0-85048-548-7 (England) and 3-12-675495-3 (Germany).
↑Some books have several codes in the first block, e.g. A.M. Yaglom'sCorrelation Theory..., published bySpringer Verlag, has the ISBNs 0-387-96331-6 and 3-540-96331-6. Though Springer's 387 and 540 codes are different for English (0) and German (3); the same item number 96331 produces the same check digit: 6. Springer uses 431 as their publisher code for Japanese (4) and 4-431-96331-? would also have check digit? = 6. Other Springer books in English have publisher code 817, and 0-817-96331-? would also get check digit? = 6. This suggests special considerations were made for assigning Springer's publisher codes, as random assignments of different publisher codes wouldnot lead the same item number to get the same check digit every time. Finding publisher codes for English and German, say, with this effect amounts to solving a linear equation in modular arithmetic.
↑the international ISBN agency's "ISBN User's Manual" says: "The ten-digit number is divided into four parts of variable length, which must be separated clearly, by hyphens or spaces" although permitting their omission for internal data processing, as theprefix code ensures that no two codes begin the same way. If present, hyphens must be correctly placed; Seehyphenation instructionsArchived April 3, 2005, at theWayback Machine at the isbn.org web site.
