From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
TheGulag was a vast network of"slave labor" camps run by theSoviet Union from the 1920s to the 1950s.[1] Ever since the Soviet Union was founded in 1917, it imprisoned people who spoke out against it or were otherwise dangerous.Imperial Russia in previous decades had a similar system of prison camps.[2] But the Soviet Union camp system grew to be one of the largest prison systems in existence. TheSoviet camp-system was set up underVladimir Lenin.[3][4]It reached its peak duringJoseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s to the early 1950s.
The Gulag was run at first by the GPU (State Political Directorate), later by theNKVD and in the last years by theMinistry of Internal Affairs (MVD). The internment system grew rapidly, reaching a population of 100,000 in the 1920s. According to Nicolas Werth, the yearly mortality rate in the Soviet concentration camps varied, reaching 5% (1933) and 20% (1942–1943) and dropped in the post-war years to about 1 to 3% per year at the beginning of the 1950s.[5]
Graves of prisoners
Soviet leaders believed it was right to put these people to work and make theirlabor andgoods part of the nationaleconomy. In fact, two out of every hundred workers in the Soviet Union were gulag prisoners.[6] By 1936, there were 5,000,000 prisoners in the gulags.[1]
Even though the Gulag is often associated withSiberia, labor camps were built across the Soviet Union.[6] Siberian camps greatly simplified the problem of keeping prisoners from running away, though it was harder to feed these camps and move goods in and out because the camps were so far away.
The Gulag system declined during the 1950s after the death ofJoseph Stalin, and many people were released starting in 1954. The Gulag program was ended with a government decree in 1960.[1]
According to the Gulag administration, 10 million people were sent to the gulags between 1934 and 1947. However, Western scholarsestimate that between 1918 and 1956, 15 to 30 million died in the gulags.[6]
