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Glucose

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Glucose (C6H12O6) is a simplecarbohydrate, orsugar. It is one of several kinds of sugars. It is important becausecells in anorganism use it as a source ofenergy. Turning glucose into energy is calledcellular respiration, which is done inside thecells of a living organism. Excess glucose is converted to fats and are stored in adipose tissues.

Glucose is made byplants in a process calledphotosynthesis. It can also be made by animals in theirliver orkidneys.

Having the right amount of glucose available in a person's body is important. Glucose is essential in the proper functioning of the brain. It can be measured with a simpleblood test. People that do not have enough glucose have lowblood sugar levels. This is a health condition calledhypoglycemia. People with too much glucose havehyperglycemia. They might have a health condition calleddiabetes.

Itschemical formula isC6H12O6. This means it has sixcarbonatoms, 12hydrogen atoms, and sixoxygen atomsbonded together.

How sugars work, and how glucose can be formed, was studied by a Germanchemist namedEmil Fischer in the 1890s. His work earned him the 1902Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[1]

Isomers

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There are two forms of glucose, the α- and β- forms. The only difference between them is the position of the hydroxyl group, above and below the plane of the ring of themolecule.

For α-glucose, the hydroxyl (-OH) group is below the ring, while for β-glucose, the (-OH) group is above.[2]

References

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  1. ↑"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902 - Emil Fischer". Nobel Prize Committee.
  2. ↑"A Guide to α and β Carbohydrates"(PDF). University of California, Los Angeles. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 24 January 2014. Retrieved10 June 2014.


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