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Gertrude Stein

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gertrude Stein
Stein in 1935 (photograph by Carl Van Vechten)
Stein in 1935 (photograph byCarl Van Vechten)
Born(1874-02-03)February 3, 1874
Allegheny, Pennsylvania, U.S.
DiedJuly 27, 1946(1946-07-27) (aged 72)
Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
Occupation
  • Writer
  • poet
  • novelist
  • playwright
  • art collector
EducationHarvard University (BA)
Johns Hopkins University
Literary movementModernist literature
PartnerAlice Toklas

Signature

Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an Americannovelist,poet,playwright, andart collector.

Stein was born inPittsburgh, Pennsylvania and raised inOakland, California. She moved toParis in 1903 and lived inFrance for the rest of her life.[1]

From 1893 to 1897 she went toRadcliffe College, a women's school connected toHarvard University. She was a student ofpsychologistWilliam James. He asked her to studymedicine. She enteredJohns Hopkins School of Medicine in 1897, but she failed some classes and left the school.[1] Soon she went toEurope with her brother Leo. She lived with him in theMontparnasse district at 27, rue de Fleurus.[2] In 1905 they bought paintings byMatisse andPicasso. They began asalon every Saturday evening to show the new art to others.[2]

She started writing seriously in Paris. She wroteThe Making of Americans from 1906 to 1911. It was the long story of an American family. By 1909 she wroteThree Lives, stories about three women. In 1912 she wroteTender Buttons, a group ofprose poems about ordinary things. In this book Stein uses the English language in a way that reminds some people of what Picasso and others were doing with theircubist painting.[2][3]

Stein met and fell in love withAlice B. Toklas in 1907. When brother Leo moved from Rue de Fleurus in 1910, Stein and Toklas began living together. They were companions for life. DuringWorld War I, from 1916, they drove around southern France bringing supplies tohospitals.[2][3]

After the war Stein kept writing. She got to know many other writers and artists who had come to Paris. She knew many American writers, such asErnest Hemingway,F. Scott Fitzgerald,Sinclair Lewis,Ezra Pound,Thornton Wilder,Paul Bowles, andSherwood Anderson.[4]

In 1933 she publishedThe Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas. It was easier to read than most of her other books. It became very popular and she became famous. In 1934 and 1935, she visited America with Toklas and gavelectures.[3]

DuringWorld War II, Stein and Toklas stayed in the south of France under theVichy government. "Even though they wereJewish,lesbian, American, and collectors ofmodern art," they were not bothered by theNazi-supported government.[3][5]

Stein died ofstomach cancer in 1946.[3]

Books

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  • Three Lives (1909)
  • Tender Buttons: Objects, Food, Rooms (1914)
  • Geography and Plays (1922)
  • The Making of Americans: Being a History of a Family's Progress (written 1906–8, published completely 1966)
  • How to Write (1931)
  • The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (1933)
  • Lectures in America (1935)
  • Everybody's Autobiography (1937)
  • The World is Round (1939)
  • Ida A Novel (1941)
  • Wars I Have Seen (1945)

Related pages

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Other websites

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References

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  1. 1.01.1"Gertrude Stein".Poetry Foundation. January 16, 2023. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2023.
  2. 2.02.12.22.3"Gertrude Stein".Jewish Women's Archive. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2023.
  3. 3.03.13.23.33.4"National Portrait Gallery | Seeing Gertrude Stein: Five Stories".npg.si.edu. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2023.
  4. "Extravagant Crowd | Gertrude Stein & Alice B. Toklas".brbl-archive.library.yale.edu. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2023.
  5. "The Strange Politics of Gertrude Stein".The National Endowment for the Humanities. RetrievedJanuary 16, 2023.
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