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Final Solution

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Scratches on the wall of anAuschwitzgas chamber used during the Final Solution

TheFinal Solution (German:Die Endlösung) was a plan made byNazi Germany to exterminateEuropeanJews (along withRoma andSinti people) duringWorld War II.[1] The Final Solution was part of theHolocaust.[2]

On July 31 1941, NaziLuftwaffe leaderHermann Goering ordered theSchutzstaffel (SS) to make plans for a "Final Solution to the Jewish question."[1][2] Nazi leaders planned a large part of the Final Solution at theWannsee Conference on January 20, 1942.[3]

Methods

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Shootings and gas vans

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Early on, the Nazis killed Jews in a variety of ways, includingmass shootings bydeath squads like theEinsatzgruppen.[4]

Starting in the autumn of 1941, SS and police forces also began using mobile gasvans to kill people bycarbon monoxide poisoning.[1][5] The Nazis had already been using gas to executepeople with disabilities in their T-4Euthanasia Program, but had never used mobile gas chambers before.[5]

Amass grave atBergen-Belsen (1945). These people were killed as part of the Final Solution

In the gas vans, victims were sealed into the back passenger compartment. The vans had been changed so theirexhaustgases (such ascarbon monoxide) would enter the back. Victims suffered and then died from gas poisoning.[5]

Death camps

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In 1942Heinrich Himmler proposedOperation Reinhard, a plan toexterminate all Polish Jews.[6] The operation was named after SS GeneralReinhard Heydrich, who had been killed byCzech soldiers.[6]

The Nazis first set up three death camps in Poland:Belzec,Sobibor andTreblinka.[7] Their purpose was to kill as many people as possible, and these camps had their own permanent gas chambers.[1][6] In 1942 moredeath camps were set up in Poland atAuschwitz (which also had its own gas chamber),Majdanek, andChelmno.[1]

By the end of World War II, the Nazis had killed about six million Jews and millions of others.[1][8][9][10]

Related pages

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References

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  1. 123456United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.""Final Solution": Overview".Holocaust Encyclopedia.
  2. 12Volle, Adam (2024-08-02)."Final solution: Definition, Holocaust, & Third Reich".Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  3. Berenbaum, Michael (2024-08-30)."Wannsee Conference: Definition, Date, Attendees, & Significance".Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  4. International Military Tribunal."Trials of war criminals before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals under Control Council law no. 10 Nuernberg, October -April 1949".Library of Congress. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  5. 123United States Holocaust Memorial Museum."Gassing Operations".Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  6. 123Arad, Yitzhak.""Operation Reinhard": Extermintation Camps of Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka".Yad Vashem. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  7. Berenbaum, Michael (2024-09-14)."Extermination camp: History, Map, & Facts".Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  8. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum."How Many People did the Nazis Murder?".Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  9. "Holocaust Misconceptions".Illinois Holocaust Museum. Retrieved2024-09-24.
  10. Berenbaum, Michael (2024-09-23)."Holocaust: Definition, Concentration Camps, History, & Facts".Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved2024-09-24.
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