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December 22

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

December 22 is the 356th day of the year(357th inleap years) in theGregorian calendar.There are nine days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

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Up to 1900

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69– Roman EmperorVitellius is captured andmurdered at the Gemonian Stairs inRome.
401–Pope Innocent I is elected.
856–An earthquake, nearDamghan,Persia, kills an estimated 200,000 people.
880–China:Luoyang, eastern capital of theTang Dynasty, is captured by rebel leaderHuang Chao during the reign ofEmperor Xizong of Tang.
1135–Stephen of Blois becomesKing ofEngland.
1603–Mehmed III Sultan of theOttoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his sonAhmed I.
1622– Thecity ofBucaramanga in present-dayColombia is founded.
1647– Ahurricane strikes theCanary Islands, withFuerteventura being hit particularly hard.
1711–Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned.
1769– TheSino-Burmese War of 1765-1769 ends with an uneasy truce.
1789–Revolutionary France is divided intodepartments.
1790– TheTurkish fortress ofIzmail is stormed and captured byAlexander Suvorov and hisRussian armies.
1807– TheEmbargo Act, forbidding trade with all foreign countries, is passed by theUnited States Congress, at the urging ofPresident Thomas Jefferson.
1809– TheNon-Intercourse Act, lifting theEmbargo Act except for theUnited Kingdom andFrance, passes theUnited States Congress.
1849– The execution ofFyodor Dostoevsky is canceled at the last second.
1851– The first freight train is operated inRoorkee inIndia.
1857–Mountaineering: TheAlpine Club is founded inLondon.
1864–Savannah, Georgia falls to GeneralWilliam Tecumseh Sherman during theAmerican Civil War.
1885–Ito Hirobumi, asamurai, becomes the firstPrime Minister of Japan.
1891–Asteroid 323 Brucia becomes the firstasteroid discovered by the use ofphotography
1894– TheDreyfus affair begins, inFrance, whenAlfred Dreyfus is wrongly convicted oftreason, onantisemitic grounds.
1894– TheUnited States Golf Association is founded.

1901– 2000

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1910–Chicago Union Stock Yards Fire, 21 firemen were killed.
1937– TheLincoln Tunnel opens to traffic inNew York City.
1939– Worst day in history ofGerman train travel: Two separate accidents kill 287 people in total.
1942–World War II:Adolf Hitler orders the development of the V-2rocket as a weapon.
1944–World War II:German troops demand the surrender ofUnited States troops atBastogne,Belgium. SeeBattle of the Bulge
1944–World War II:Vietnam People's Army is formed to resist Japanese occupation ofVietnam.
1947– TheConstituent Assembly of Italy approves the country's newconstitution.
1956–Colo, the firstgorilla to be bred in captivity, is born at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium inOhio.
1963– Cruise shipLakonia burns 180 miles north ofMadeira with the loss of 128 lives.
1964– ComedianLenny Bruce is convicted ofobscenity.
1965– A 65miles perhour speed limit is introduced on country roads andmotorways in theUnited Kingdom.
1968–Cultural Revolution: People's Daily posted the instructions ofMao Zedong that it is "The intellectual youth must go to the country, and will be educated from living in rural poverty."(Down to the Countryside Movement)
1974–Grande Comore,Anjouan andMohéli vote to become the independent nation ofComoros.Mayotte remains underFrench administration.
1974– The house ofPrime Minister of the United Kingdom Edward Heath is attacked by members of theProvisional Irish Republican Army.
1979–Catalonia is givenautonomy withinSpain.
1984– Subway vigilanteBernhard Hugo Goetz shoots fourAfrican-American youths on an express train inThe Bronx borough ofNew York City.
1988–Chico Mendes, aBrazilian rubber tapper,unionist andenvironmental activist, isassassinated.
1988–Yitzhak Shamir present his 3rd government in front of the Israeli Parliament
1989– After a week of bloody demonstrations,Ion Iliescu takes over as president ofRomania, endingNicolae Ceauşescu'sCommunist dictatorship.
1989–Berlin'sBrandenburg Gate re-opens after nearly 30 years, effectively ending the division ofEast andWest Germany.
1989– Two Tourist coaches collide on the Pacific Highway north of Kempsey NSW (Kempsey Bus Crash).
1990– TheMarshall Islands and theFederated States of Micronesia become independent after the end of their trusteeship.
1990–Lech Wałęsa is sworn in asPresident of Poland.
1991– Armed opposition groups launch amilitary coup againstPresident ofGeorgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia.
1992– An MiG23 and aBoeing 727 ofLibyan Arab Airlines collide nearTripoli, killing 157 people.
1997–Acteal massacre: Attendees at a prayer meeting ofRoman Catholic activists forindigenous causes in the small village of Acteal in theMexican state of Chiapas weremassacred byparamilitary forces.
1999– TheSpanish Civil Guard finds nearCalatayud (Zaragoza) another van loaded byETA with 750 kg ofexplosives (see related event onDecember 21 1999).
1999–Tandja Mamadou becomesPresident ofNiger.

From 2001

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2001–Burhanuddin Rabbani, political leader of theAfghan Northern Alliance, handed over power inAfghanistan to the interim government headed byHamid Karzai.
2001–Richard Reid attempts to destroy a passenger airliner by igniting explosives hidden in his shoes aboardAmerican Airlines Flight 63.
2001–CC the cat, the firstcloned pet, is born.
2002–Janez Drnovsek becomesPresident ofSlovenia.
2005–Astronomers announce the discovery of two more rings around theplanet Uranus.
2008–President ofGuinea Lansana Conté dies. Following his death,Moussa Dadis Camara takes power in a coup.
2010– The end of theDon't Ask, Don't Tell policy regardingHomosexuals in theUnited States Military is signed into law byBarack Obama.
2011–Baghdad is struck by a series of bomb explosions.
2015–SpaceX lands a first stage Falcon 9rocket on ground after reaching low–Earth orbit, for the first time in history.
2016– A study finds theVSV-EBOV vaccine against theEbola virus between 70 and 100% effective, and therefore making it the first provenvaccine against thedisease.
2017– Atyphoon hits the southernPhilippines, killing almost 200 people.
2017– TheUnited Nations Security Council votes 15–0 in favour of additional sanctions (punishments) againstNorth Korea.

Births

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Up to 1900

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244–Diocletian, Roman Emperor (d.311)
1095– KingRoger II of Sicily (d.1154)
1178–Emperor Antoku ofJapan (d.1185)
1183–Chagatai Khan, Mongol ruler (d.1242)
1546–Kuroda Yoshitaka, Japanesedaimyo (d.1604)
1550–Cesare Cremonini, Italianphilosopher (d.1631)
1639–Jean Racine, Frenchdramatist (d.1699)
1666–Gobind Singh,Sikh guru (d.1708)
1694–Hermann Samuel Reimarus, German writer andphilosopher (d.1768)
1696–James Oglethorpe, English general, founder of the State ofGeorgia (d.1785)
1723–Carl Friedrich Abel, German composer (d.1787)
1765–Johann Friedrich Pfaff, Germanmathematician (d.1825)
1798–George W. Crawford, American politician,Governor ofGeorgia (d.1872)
1805–John Obadiah Westwood, Englishentomologist andarchaeologist (d.1893)
1807–Johann Christian Welhaven, Norwegianpoet (d.1873)
1819–Franz Abt, German composer (d.1870)
1819–Pierre Ossian Bonnet, Frenchmathematician (d.1892)
1848–Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, German classicalphilologist (d.1931)
1850–Victoriano Huerta,President ofMexico (d.1916)
1853–Yevgraf Fyodorov, Russianmathematician (d.1919)
1856–Frank B. Kellogg, American lawyer and diplomat, 45thUnited States Secretary of State (d.1937)
1858–Giacomo Puccini, Italiancomposer (d.1924)
1862–Connie Mack, Americanbaseball player, manager and team owner (d.1956)
1865–Charles Sands, Americangolfer andtennis player (d.1945)
1869–Dmitri Egorov, Russianmathematician (d.1931)
1869–Edwin Arlington Robinson, Americanpoet (d.1935)
1876–Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Italianpoet and editor (d.1944)
1883–Edgard Varèse, French-American composer (d.1965)
1887–Srinivasa Ramanujan, Indianmathematician (d.1920)
1888–J. Arthur Rank, 1st Baron Rank, Britishmovie producer (d.1972)
1892–Lawrence Sperry, Americanpilot (d.1923)
1899–Gustaf Gründgens, German actor (d.1963)
1900–Marc Allégret, Frenchmovie director andscreenwriter (d.1973)
1900–John C. Slater, Americanchemist andphysicist (d.1976)

1901– 1950

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1901–Andre Kostelanetz, American popular musicorchestra leader and arranger (d.1980)
1903–Haldan Keffer Hartline, Americanphysiologist (d.1983)
1905–Pierre Brasseur, French actor (d.1972)
1907–Peggy Ashcroft, British actress (d.1991)
1907–Fred M. Wilcox, American film director (d.1964)
1909–Patricia Hayes, British actress (d.1998)
1912–Lady Bird Johnson,First Lady of the United States (d.2007)
1914–Colin Hannah, Australian air force commander and 19thGovernor ofQueensland (d.1978)
1915–Barbara Billingsley, American actress (d.2010)
1917–Gene Rayburn, American game show host (d.1999)
1922–Ruth Roman, American actress (d.1999)
1922–Jim Wright, American politician (d.2015)
1924–Lefter Küçükandonyadis, Turkishfootballer (d.2012)
1926–Alcides Ghiggia,Uruguayan footballer (d.2015)
1928–Fredrik Barth, Norwegianethnologist (d.2016)
1931–Gisela Birkemeyer, German athlete
1933–Abel Pacheco, formerPresident ofCosta Rica
1935–Paulo Rocha, Portuguesedirector andscreenwriter (d.2012)
1936–Héctor Elizondo, American actor
1936–Wojciech Frykowski, Polish actor (d.1969)
1937–Eduard Uspensky, Russian writer
1938–Lucien Bouchard, 27thPremier of Quebec
1940–Luis Francisco Cuéllar,Colombian politician (d.2009)
1942–Yasuyuki Kuwahara, Japanesefootballer (d.2017)
1943–Paul Wolfowitz, former World Bank President
1944–Barry Jenkins, Englishdrummer (The Animals)
1945–Diane Sawyer, Americanjournalist andtelevision presenter
1948–Rick Nielsen, rock musician
1948–Noel Edmonds, British television presenter
1948–Lynne Thigpen, American actress (d.2003)
1949–Maurice Gibb, British singer and musician (Bee Gees) (d.2003)
1949–Robin Gibb, British singer and musician (Bee Gees) (d.2012)

1951– 1975

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1951–Gerald Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster. British businessman (d.2016)
1952–Sandra Kalniete,Latvian politician
1955–Thomas C. Südhof, German-American biochemist,2013 Nobel Prize winner
1956–Colo, American-bredWestern gorilla (d.2017)
1958–Frank Gambale, Australianguitarist,songwriter andmusician
1958–Masaaki Kato, Japanesefootballer
1959–Bernd Schuster, Germanfootballer
1960–Jean-Michel Basquiat, American artist (d.1988)
1961–Yuri Malenchenko, Russiancolonel,pilot andastronaut
1962–Andres Cantor, Argentine/American sportscaster
1962–Ralph Fiennes,English actor
1963–Giuseppe Bergomi, Italianfootballer
1963–Bryan Gunn, Britishfootballer
1967–Dan Petrescu, Romanianfootballer
1967–Richey James Edwards, Welsh musician (Manic Street Preachers) (disappeared in1995)
1968–Luis Hernandez, Mexicanfootballer
1968–Lauralee Bell, Americanactress,director,producer andscreenwriter
1969–Myriam Bédard, Canadianbiathlete
1970–Gary Anderson, Scottishdarts player
1970–Ted Cruz, Americanlawyer andpolitician
1972–Vanessa Paradis, French actress and singer
1972–Franck Cammas, French sailor
1972–Steffi Jones, Germanfootballer
1973–Traci Dinwiddie, American actress
1973–Heather Donahue, American actress
1975–Dmitri Khokhlov, Russianfootballer
1975–Stanislav Neckar, Czechice hockey player

From 1976

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1978–Joy Ali, Fijian boxer (d.2015)
1978–Emmanuel Olisadebe, Nigerian-Polishfootballer
1978–Mia Tyler, American model
1979–Naotake Hanyu, Japanesefootballer
1979–Jamie Langfield, Scottishfootballer
1980–Chris Carmack, Americanactor,singer andmodel
1982–Teko Modise, South Africanfootballer
1982–Agbani Darego, Nigerianmodel
1982–Alinne Moraes, Brazilianactress
1983–Jennifer Hawkins, Australian model
1984–Basshunter, Swedish DJ and singer
1985–Edurne, Spanishsinger,actress,model and presenter
1986–Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, Nigerian Islamist militant
1987–Lisa Andreas, English-Cypriot singer
1987–Eder, Portuguesefootballer
1988–Leigh Halfpenny, Welshrugby player
1989–Jordin Sparks, American singer
1989–Logan Huffman, American actor
1990–Jean-Baptiste Maunier, French singer and actor
1990–Josef Newgarden, American racing driver
1992–Anis Amri, Tunisian suspected terrorist (2016 Berlin attack) (d.2016)
1993–Ali Lohan, Americanactress andsinger
1993–Meghan Trainor, American singer
1995–Imam-ul-Haq, Pakistani cricketer
1998–Genevieve Hannelius, Americanactress andmusician
2001–CC, first cloned pet

Deaths

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Up to 1950

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69–Vitellius, Roman Emperor (b.15)
1100–Bretislaus II, Duke of Bohemia (b.1060)
1603–Mehmed III,Ottoman Sultan (b.1566)
1646–Peter Mogila,Moldovan religious figure (b.1596)
1708–Hedvig Sophia of Sweden (b.1681)
1767–John Newbery, English children's writer (b.1713)
1788–Percival Pott, Englishphysician and surgeon (b.1714)
1828–William Hyde Wollaston, Englishchemist andphysicist (b.1766)
1867–Jean-Victor Poncelet, French mathematician (b.1788)
1880–George Eliot, English writer (b.1819)
1899–Dwight E. Moody, American evangelist and publisher (b.1837)
1902–Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Germanpsychiatrist (b.1840)
1917– St.Francesca Xavier Cabrini, American Catholic saint (b.1850)
1918–Aristeidis Moraitinis, Greek aviator (b.1891)
1925–Amelie Beese, Germanaviatrix (b.1886)
1939–Ma Rainey, American singer (b.1886)
1940–Nathanael West, American writer (b.1903)
1943–Beatrix Potter, British writer (b.1866)
1944–Harry Langdon, Americanactor,singer,director andscreenwriter (b.1884)

From 1951

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1959–Gilda Gray, Polish-American singer (b.1901)
1961–Elia Dalla Costa,Archbishop ofFlorence (b.1872)
1965–Richard Dimbleby, British broadcaster (b.1913)
1974–Sterling North, American author (b.1906)
1979–Darryl F. Zanuck, American producer (b.1902)
1988–Chico Mendes, Brazilianactivist (b.1944)
1989–Samuel Beckett, Irishplaywright (b.1906)
1995–Butterfly McQueen, American actress (b.1911)
1995–James Meade, Britisheconomist (b.1907)
2002–Joe Strummer, British musician (b.1952)
2002–Desmond Hoyte,Guyanese politician (b.1929)
2007–Julien Gracq, French writer (b.1910)
2008–Lansana Conté,President ofGuinea (b.1934)
2009–Luis Francisco Cuéllar,Colombian politician (b.1940)
2012–Cliff Osmond, American actor (b.1937)
2013–Diomedes Diaz, Colombiansinger-songwriter (b.1956)
2014–Joe Cocker, English singer (b.1944)
2014–Abd El Aziz Muhammad Hegazi, formerPrime Minister ofEgypt (b.1923)
2014–Joseph Sargent, Americanmovie director,producer andactor (b.1925)
2014–Fritz Sdunek, German boxing trainer (b.1947)
2014–Christine Cavanaugh, Americanactress (b.1963)
2015–George Clayton Johnson, Americanscience fiction writer (b.1929)
2015–Rolf Bossi, Germanlawyer (b.1923)
2015–Freda Meissner-Blau, Austrianpolitician (b.1927)
2015–Peter Lundblad, Swedishsinger (b.1950)
2016–Yevgeny Dzhugashvili, Russian-Georgianactivist andpolitician (b.1936)
2016–Franca Sozzani, Italianjournalist, editor ofVogue Italia (b.1950)
2016–Miruts Yifter, Ethiopian long-distance runner (b.1944)
2017–Jason Lowndes, Australian racing cyclist (b.1994)
2017–Gerald B. Greenberg, American film editor (b.1936)

Observances

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Winter solstice (Northern Hemisphere), sometimes occurs onDecember 21
Summer solstice (Southern Hemisphere), sometimes occurs onDecember 21
Mother's Day (Indonesia)
Unity Day (Zimbabwe)
Dongzhi Festival (EastAsia)
NationalMathematics Day (India)
Armed Forces Day (Vietnam)

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