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Decagon

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A decagon

Adecagon is ashape with 10 sides and 10corners.

Regular decagon

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All sides of aregular decagon are the same length. Each corner is 144°. All corners added together equal 1440°.

Area

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The amount of space a regular decagon takes up is

Area=52a25+25.{\displaystyle {\text{Area}}={\frac {5}{2}}a^{2}{\sqrt {5+2{\sqrt {5}}}}.}

a is the length of one of its sides.

An alternative formula isA=2.5dt{\displaystyle A=2.5dt} whered is the distance between parallel sides, or the height when the decagon stands on one side as base.
By simple trigonometryd=2t(cos54+cos18){\displaystyle d=2t(\cos {54^{\circ }}+\cos {18^{\circ }})}.

Sides

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The side of a regular decagon inscribed in a unit circle is1+52=1ϕ{\displaystyle {\tfrac {-1+{\sqrt {5}}}{2}}={\tfrac {1}{\phi }}}, whereϕ is thegolden ratio,1+52{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1+{\sqrt {5}}}{2}}}.

Dissection of regular decagon

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Coxeter states that every parallel-sided 2m-gon can be divided intom(m-1)/2 rhombs. For theregular decagon,m=5, and it can be divided into 10 rhombs, with examples shown below. This decomposition can be seen as 10 of 80 faces in aPetrie polygon projection plane of the5-cube. A dissection is based on 10 of 30 faces of therhombic triacontahedron.[1] The listA006245 defines the number of solutions as 62, with 2 orientations for the first symmetric form, and 10 orientations for the other 6.

Regular decagon dissected into 10 rhombi

5-cube

Skew decagon

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3 regular skew zig-zag decagons
{5}#{ }{5/2}#{ }{5/3}#{ }
A regular skew decagon is seen as zig-zagging edges of apentagonal antiprism, apentagrammic antiprism, and apentagrammic crossed-antiprism.

Askew decagon is askew polygon with 10 vertices and edges but not existing on the same plane. The interior of such an decagon is not generally defined. Askew zig-zag decagon has vertices alternating between two parallel planes.

Aregular skew decagon isvertex-transitive with equal edge lengths. In 3-dimensions it will be a zig-zag skew decagon and can be seen in the vertices and side edges of apentagonal antiprism,pentagrammic antiprism, andpentagrammic crossed-antiprism with the same D5d, [2+,10] symmetry, order 20.

These can also be seen in these 4 convex polyhedra withicosahedral symmetry. The polygons on the perimeter of these projections are regular skew decagons.

Orthogonal projections of polyhedra on 5-fold axes

Dodecahedron

Icosahedron

Icosidodecahedron

Rhombic triacontahedron

Related pages

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References

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  1. Coxeter, Mathematical recreations and Essays, Thirteenth edition, p.141

Other websites

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Special cases, includingregular polygons with their own names, in parentheses
List of polygons by number of sides
1–10 sides
11–20 sides
21–30 sides
31–50 sides
51–100 sides
(selected)
>100 sides
Star polygons
(5–12 sides)
Triangles
Quadrilaterals
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