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 Chandrayaan-2 composite | |
| Mission type | Lunarorbiter,lander,rover |
|---|---|
| Operator | Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) |
| COSPAR ID | 2019-042A |
| SATCATno. | 44441 |
| Website | www |
| Mission duration | Orbiter: > 1 year Vikram lander ≤ 14 days[1] Pragyan rover: ≤ 14 days[1] |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Manufacturer | Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) |
| Launch mass | Combined (wet): 3,850 kg (8,490 lb)[2][3][4] Combined (dry): 1,308 kg (2,884 lb)[5] Orbiter (wet): 2,379 kg (5,245 lb)[3][4] Orbiter (dry): 682 kg (1,504 lb)[5] Vikram lander (wet): 1,471 kg (3,243 lb)[3][4] Vikram lander (dry): 626 kg (1,380 lb)[5] Pragyan rover: 27 kg (60 lb)[3][4] |
| Power | Orbiter: 1 kW (1.3 hp)[6] Vikram lander: 650 W (0.87 hp) Pragyan rover: 50 W (0.067 hp) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 22 July 2019, 14:43:12 IST (09:13:12 UTC)[7] |
| Rocket | GSLV Mk III[8][9] |
| Launch site | Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch Pad |
| Contractor | Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) |
| Moon orbiter | |
| Orbital insertion | 20 August 2019, 09:02 IST (03:32 UTC)[10][11] |
| Orbit parameters | |
| Periapsis | 100 km (62 mi)[12] |
| Apoapsis | 100 km (62 mi)[12] |
| Inclination | 90° (polar orbit) |
| Moon lander | |
| Spacecraft component | rover |
| Landing date | (Planned) 7 September 2019, 01:55 IST (6 September 2019, 20:25 UTC)[11][13] |
Chandrayaan-2, meaning Lunar Craft or Moon Craft, (pronunciationⓘ) is India's secondmoon mission afterChandrayaan-1.[14] Made by theIndian Space Research Organisation (ISRO),[15][16] the mission was launched from thesecond launch pad atSatish Dhawan Space Centre on 22 July 2019 at 2:43 PMIST (09:13 UTC) to theMoon by aGeosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III).[8][9][17] A proper landing on thelunar south pole would make India the 4th country to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, after the space agencies of theUSA,USSR, andChina.[18] The mission landing was expected on 7 September 2019 at 01:55 AM IST (6 September 2019, 20:25 UTC)[11][13] but crashed when it lost communication at a 2100 metrealtitude.
On 12 November 2007, the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and ISRO agreed to work together on the Chandrayaan-2 project.[19] ISRO would be in charge of the orbiter and rover, while Roscosmos was to build the lander.[20] The design of the spacecraft was completed in August 2009, with scientists of both countries conducting a joint review.[21][22]
Although ISRO finalised the payload for Chandrayaan-2 on schedule, the mission was moved to 2016 because Russia was unable to build the lander on time.[23][24] When Russia decided it would not be able to build a lander by 2015, India decided to develop the lunar mission on its own.[25][26][27]
The spacecraft's launch had been scheduled for March 2018, but was delayed.[28][29] Two of the lander's legs got minor damage during one of the tests in February 2019, making the launch date even later.[30]
The main goals of Chandrayaan-2 are to demonstrate the ability tosoft-land on thelunar surface and operate a robotic rover on the surface. Studies oflunar topography,mineralogy,elemental abundance, thelunar exosphere, and signatures ofhydroxyl andwater ice are the scientific goals.[31] The orbiter willsurvey the lunar surface and help to prepare 3D maps of it. The onboard radar will also survey the surface while studying thewater ice in thelunar south pole and thickness of theLunar soil on the surface.[32]