|TheSeveran Tondo, showing Septimius Severus and his sons
TheSeveran dynasty was aBerbers imperialdynasty, which ruled theRoman Empire between 193 and 235. The dynasty was founded by the Roman generalSeptimius Severus, who rose to power during thecivil war of 193, known as theYear of the Five Emperors.
Although Septimius Severus successfully restored peace following the upheaval of the late 2nd century, the dynasty was disturbed by unstable family relationships, and constant political turmoil. It foreshadowed the comingCrisis of the Third Century. It was the last lineage of thePrincipate founded byAugustus.
Dates represent status ofAugustus.
- Septimius Severus (193–211)
- Caracalla (198–217): eldest son. Cruel and treacherous; murdered his brother. It is said that 20,000 people were killed or proscribed (declared 'enemies of the state') by him.
- Geta (209–211) younger son; junior co-emperor on his father's death. He was murdered by Caracalla.
- Macrinus (217–218): Not a relative; he was thePraetorian Prefect who assassinated Caracalla.
- Elagabalus (Varius Avitus Bassianus, 218–222): a relative, and a teenager (b. ~203/205), rumoured to betransgender andbisexual. Murdered by thePraetorian Guard.
- Alexander Severus (222–235): cousin of Elagabalus; also a teenager. The best of the later Severids, ruled well with the help of his able mother. Mismanaged a war against Germans invadingGaul, and was overthrown by the soldiers.
The end of the Severids marked the start of theCrisis of the Third Century.