Budai, pronouncedHotei inJapanese, also known as theLaughing Buddha, was a Buddhist monk in China. Many Chinese Buddhists believe he was areincarnation ofMaitreya, the person who will become the next Buddha afterGautama Buddha.
He has become incorporated intoBuddhist,Taoist andShinto. Images of him can be found in manytemples,restaurants, andbusinesses. Budai has become a god of happiness and plenty in some forms ofTaoism andBuddhism. In Japan, Hotei is one of theSeven Lucky Gods (Shichi Fukujin). He is almost always shown smiling or laughing, hence his nickname in Chinese, the "Laughing Buddha".
Budai may be based on a monk that lived in the time ofSakyamuni Buddha. This monk's name wasAngida, whose name meanscalico bag.[1] According to legend, Angida was anIndian snake catcher who caught poisonous snakes to stop them from biting people. Budai and Angida look similar because they are both depicted as plump, laughing and carrying a bag.
In the Chinese tradition, Budai was a monk who lived in China around 907 to 923 CE. He was a man who was good and loving. Apart from his character, his likeness with theMaitreyaBodhisattva (the future Buddha) come from a Buddhist hymn which he said before his death:
Budai is almost always shown carrying asack, which never empties, and is filled with many precious things, includingrice plants (symbolizing wealth),sweets for children, food, and thesadness of the world. His duty is to protect the weak, the poor and children.
In Chinese Buddhist temples, Budai's statue is put in the front part of the entrance hall. He is shown as a stout, smiling or laughing man in robes with a largely bare belly, which represents happiness, good luck, and plenty.
Some statues show small children at his feet. Another item that is usually seen in Budai statues, is abegging bowl, which shows that he is a Buddhist. All of these images show Budai as a wanderingmonk who goes around and takes sadness from people. Because he represents richness and happiness, statues are often found in homes and businesses in China and Japan.
The main story that concerns Budai in Chan is a shortkoan.
InThailand Budai is sometimes confused with another monk that is respected in Thailand.Phra Sangkadchai orShanghai, a Thai spelling of Mahakaccayanathera, was a Buddhist monk in the time of theBuddha. The Buddha praisedPhra Sangkadchai for his excellence in explaining complicateddharma (ordhamma) in an easily understandable way.
Although both Budai and Phra Sangkadchai may be found in both Thai and Chinese temples, Phra Sangkadchai is found more often in Thai temples, and Budai in Chinese temples. Two points to distinguish them from one another are:
1. Phra Sangkadchai has a bit of hair on his head while Budai is bald.
2. Phra Sangkadchai wears the robes inTheravadin Buddhist fashion with the robes folded across one shoulder, leaving the other uncovered. Budai wears the robes in Chinese style, covering both arms but leaving the front part of the upper body uncovered.
One belief surrounding the figure of Budai in popular folklore is that if a person rubs his belly, it brings wealth, good luck, and prosperity. This belief however is not part of any Buddhist ritual, but is a part of a Chinese folk belief. He is often admired for his happiness, abundance, wisdom, and contentment.