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April 22

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

April 22 is the 112th day of the year(113th inleap years) in theGregorian calendar.There are 253 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

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Up to 1900

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238– Year of the Six Emperors: The RomanSenate outlaws EmperorMaximus Thrax for his bloodthirstyproscriptions inRome and nominates two of its members,Pupienus andBalbinus, to the throne.
1500–Portuguese navigatorPedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sightBrazil.
1509–Henry VIII ascends the throne ofEngland after the death of his father.
1519–Hernan Cortes establishes a settlement inVeracruz,Mexico.
1529– TheTreaty of Zaragoza divides the eastern hemisphere betweenSpain andPortugal along a line 297.5 leagues or 17° east of theMoluccas.
1836–Texas Revolution: A day after theBattle of San Jacinto forces underTexas GeneralSam Houston captureMexican GeneralAntonio López de Santa Anna.
1863–American Civil War:Grierson's Raid begins – troops underUnion ColonelBenjamin Grierson attack centralMississippi.
1864– TheUnited States Congress passes the Coinage Act which mandates that the inscription "In God We Trust" be placed on all coins minted asUnited States currency.
1876– The first–everNational League baseball game is played.
1889–Oklahoma land rush:President of the United States Benjamin Harrison opens the Unassigned Lands in what is now centralOklahoma to white settlement.
1898–Spanish-American War: TheUnited States Navy begins ablockade ofCuban ports and the USSNashville captures aSpanish merchant ship.

1901– 2000

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1906– Start of the1906 Summer Olympics inAthens. They are not officially counted as part of the modernOlympic Games.
1906– End of theMount Vesuvius eruption that started onApril 4. In total, 1,000 people are estimated to have died as a result of the effects from the eruption.
1911–Tsinghua University, one ofChina's topuniversities, is founded.
1912–Pravda begins publication inSaint Petersburg, known as the "voice" of theCommunist Party of the Soviet Union.
1914–Babe Ruth, age 19, pitches his first professional game for the minor leagueBaltimore Orioles.
1915– The use of poison gas inWorld War I escalates whenchlorine gas is released as achemical weapon in theSecond Battle of Ypres.
1930– TheUnited Kingdom,Japan and theUnited States sign theLondon Naval Treaty regulatingsubmarine warfare and limitingshipbuilding.
1943–Albert Hofmann writes his first report about the hallucinogenic properties ofLSD.
1944–World War II: Operation Persecution initiated –Allied forces land in the Hollandia area ofNew Guinea.
1945–World War II: After learning thatSoviet forces have takenEberswalde without a fight,Adolf Hitler admits defeat in his undergroundbunker and states thatsuicide is his only recourse.
1946– The first installment of the popularJapanese comic strip,Sazae-san, is published in theFukunichi Shimbun.
1948–1948 Arab-Israeli War:Haifa is captured fromArab forces.
1954–Red Scare: Army–McCarthy Hearings begin.
1964– The 1964–1965New York World's Fair opens for its first season.
1969– Britishyachtsman Robin Knox-Johnston completes the first solo round–the–world journey.
1970– The firstEarth Day is celebrated.
1971–John Kerry, dressed in combat fatigues, testifies on his views of theVietnam War before theUnited States Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
1972–Vietnam War: IncreasedAmerican bombing inVietnam prompts antiwar protests inNew York City,San Francisco, andLos Angeles.
1974– APanAm Boeing 707 crashes into amountain onBali, as it approaches to land. All 107 people on board are killed.
1975–Barbara Walters signs a five–year $5 million contract with the American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), becoming the highest paidtelevision newsperson.
1978–The Blues Brothers make their first appearance onSaturday Night Live.
1979–Brent Mydland performs his first show with theGrateful Dead atSpartan Stadium,San Jose, California.
1980–Filipino ferryDon Juan sinks after a collision with a tanker.
1991– A magnitude 7.5earthquake inCosta Rica kills 47 people.
1992– Several explosions in undergroundcanals inGuadalajara,Mexico, kill 200 people.
1993– InWashington, DC, theHolocaust MemorialMuseum is dedicated.
1993– The web browserMosaic version 1.0 is released.
1993– Theracially motivatedmurder of 18–year–oldStephen Lawrence is committed in SoutheastLondon.
1996–Cisco Systems acquiresStrataCom for $4B
1997– Haouch Khemisti massacre inAlgeria; 93 villagers killed.
1997– A 126–day hostage crisis at the residence of theJapanese ambassador inLima,Peru ends after government commandos storm and capture the building, rescuing 71 hostages. One hostage dies of aheart attack, two soldiers are killed from rebel fire, and all 14 rebels are slain.
1998–Disney's Animal Kingdom opens inFlorida.
2000– In a predawn raid, federal agents seize six–year–oldElián González from his relatives' home inMiami, Florida.
2000– TheBigNumber Change takes place in theUnited Kingdom.

From 2001

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2001–Hasim Rahman defeats the highly favoredLennox Lewis to win theboxing heavyweight title.
2004– Two fuel trains collide in Ryongchon,North Korea, killing up to 150 people.
2005–Mordechai Vanunu is installed as Lord Rector of theUniversity of Glasgow.
2010–Deepwater Horizon oil spill: After an explosiontwo days earlier, and a subsequent fire, theBP andTransocean operated drilling rig Deepwater Horizon sinks. 11 people are killed, and the worstoil spill inUS history is caused.
2012–French Presidential Election: Incumbent PresidentNicolas Sarkozy goes through to the second round onMay 6, along withFrançois Hollande, who finishes ahead of him. Hollande defeats Sarkozy in the run–off on May 6.
2018– Abomb attack on a voter registration centre inKabul,Afghanistan, kills at least 57 people.

Births

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Up to 1800

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596–Empress Kotoku ofJapan (d.654)
1444–Elizabeth of York, Duchess of Suffolk (d.1503)
1451–Isabella I of Castile (d.1504)
1610–Pope Alexander VIII (d.1691)
1658–Giuseppe Torelli,Italian composer (d.1709)
1690–John Garteret, 2nd Earl Granville, Englishstatesman (d.1763)
1707–Henry Fielding, English writer (d.1754)
1724–Immanuel Kant,Prussian philosopher (d.1804)
1744–James Sullivan, 7thGovernor ofMassachusetts (d.1808)
1757–Alessandro Rolla, Italian composer and music teacher (d.1841)
1766–Madame de Staël, French writer (d.1817)

1801– 1900

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1812–Solomon Caesar Malan, orientalist (d.1894)
1812–James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie, Scottish Governor–General ofIndia (d.1860)
1832–Julius Sterling Morton, American politician (d.1902)
1840–Odilon Redon, French painter (d.1916)
1844–Lewis Powell, American attempted assassin (d.1865)
1852–Guillaume IV, Grand Duke ofLuxembourg (d.1912)
1854–Henri La Fontaine, Belgian lawyer (d.1943)
1866–Hans von Seeckt, German military officer and politician (d.1936)
1868–Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria (d.1924)
1870 (N.S.)–Vladimir Lenin, Soviet–RussianCommunist revolutionary and political leader (d.1924)
1872–Princess Margaret of Prussia (d.1954)
1873–Ellen Glasgow, American writer (d.1945)
1873–Luigi Lucheni, Italian anarchist (d.1910)
1876–Róbert Bárány, Austrian Nobel Prize winner in medicine (d.1936)
1881–Alexander Kerensky, Russian politician (d.1970)
1884–Otto Rank, Austrian psychologist (d.1939)
1891–Harold Jeffreys, Englishastronomer (d.1989)
1891–Nicola Sacco, anarchist (d.1927)
1899–Vladimir Nabokov, Russian writer (d.1977)

1901– 1925

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1902–Megan Lloyd George, Welsh politician (d.1966)
1903–Daphne Akhurst, Australiantennis player (d.1930)
1904–J. Robert Oppenheimer, American physicist (d.1967)
1906–Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Vasterbotten, Swedish royal, father of KingCarl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (d.1947)
1906–Snorri Hjartarson,Icelandic writer (d.1986)
1906–Eddie Albert, American actor (d.2005)
1908–Ivan Yefremov, Russianpaleontologist andscience fiction writer (d.1972)
1909–Rita Levi-Montalcini, Italian neurologist,Nobel Prize winner (d.2012)
1909–Indro Montanelli, Italian journalist, writer and historian (d.2001)
1910–Norman Steenrod, Americanmathematician (d.1971)
1912–Kaneto Shindo, Japanese director (d.2012)
1912–Kathleen Ferrier, English contralto (d.1953)
1914–Jan de Hartog, Dutch writer (d.2002)
1916–Yehudi Menuhin, American–born violinist (d.1999)
1917–Sidney Nolan, Australian painter (d.1992)
1917–Yvette Chauviré, French actress and ballerina (d.2016)
1918–William Jay Smith, Americanpoet (d.2015)
1919–Antonio Nirta, Italian criminal (d.2015)
1919–Donald J. Cram, American chemist (d.2001)
1922–Charles Mingus, American jazz musician (d.1979)
1922–Wolf V. Vishniac, American microbiologist (d.1973)
1923–Bettie Page, American pin–up model (d.2008)
1923–Aaron Spelling, American television producer, writer (d.2006)
1923–Paula Fox, American writer (d.2017)
1924–Nam Duck-woo, 12thPrime Minister ofSouth Korea (d.2013)
1925–George Cole, English actor (d.2015)

1926– 1950

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1926–James Stirling, British architect (d.1992)
1926–Ted Hibberd, Canadianice hockey player (d.2017)
1926–Charlotte Rae, American actress (d.2018)
1929–Guillermo Cabrera Infante,Cuban writer (d.2005)
1930–Enno Penno, Estonianpolitician (d.2016)
1931–John Buchanan, Canadian politician, 20thPremier of Nova Scotia
1932–Isao Tomita, Japanese musician and composer (d.2016)
1933–Mark Damon, Americanmovie actor andproducer
1933–Anthony Llewellyn, Welsh–Americanastronaut (d.2013)
1935–Mario Machado, Chinese–American journalist and actor (d.2013)
1936–Glen Campbell, American musician and singer (d.2017)
1937–Jack Nicholson, American actor
1937–Jack Nitzsche, American composer, arranger (d.2000)
1939–Theo Waigel, German politician
1939–John Chilcot, Englishcivil servant
1939–Jason Miller, American playwright (d.2001)
1939–Mel Carter, American singer and actor
1942–Giorgio Agamben, Italianphilosopher
1943–Louise Glück, American poet (d.2023)
1944–Doug Jarrett, Canadianice hockey player (d.2014)
1944–Steve Fossett, American millionaire and adventurer (d.2007)
1945–Demetrio Stratos, Italian musician (d.1979)
1945–Gopal Krishna Gandhi, Indianpolitician, 22ndGovernor ofWest Bengal
1946–John Waters, American movie maker
1947–Barry Guy, British composer and musician
1947–Neil Horan, Irishpriest
1950–Peter Frampton, English musician

1951– 1975

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1951–Robin Bartlett, American actress
1952–Marilyn Chambers, American erotic actress (d.2009)
1953–Valeri Bondarenko,Estonian footballer andcoach
1954–Kamla Persad-Bissessar,Prime Minister ofTrinidad and Tobago
1957–Donald Tusk,President of the European Council and formerPrime Minister ofPoland
1959–Ryan Stiles, Canadian–American actor, comedian
1959–Catherine Mary Stewart, Canadian actress
1959–Terry Francona, Americanbaseball player, coach and manager
1960–Mart Laar, formerPrime Minister ofEstonia
1960–Gary Rhodes, English chef
1961–Ann McKechin, Scottish politician
1963–Sean Lock, Englishcomedian andactor
1964–James Langevin, American politician
1964–Massimo Carrera, Italianfootballer
1967–Sherri Shepherd, American comedienne, actress and talk show host
1967–Sheryl Lee, American actress
1969–Dion Dublin, Englishfootballer
1969–Billy McKinlay, Scottishfootballer
1969–Vanessa Goodwin, Australian politician (d.2018)
1970–Regine Velasquez,Filipino singer, actress and producer
1971–Eric Mabius, American actor
1971–Anwar al-Awlaki, American–bornYemeni terrorist (d.2011)
1972–Anna Falchi, Finnish–Italian actress
1973–Brian Marshall, American musician
1974–Shavo Odadjian, Armenian–born bassist forSystem of a Down

From 1976

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1977–Mark van Bommel, Dutch footballer
1977–Ambra Angiolini, Italian actress
1979–Zoltán Gera, Hungarian footballer
1981–Jonathan Trott, South African–Englishcricketer
1982–Kaka, Brazilian footballer
1982–Cassidy Freeman, American actress, singer and musician
1983–Jos Hooiveld, Dutchfootballer
1983–Daniel Sjolund, Finnishfootballer
1983–Francis Capra, American actor
1984–Amelle Berrabah, English singer (Sugababes)
1984–Michelle Ryan, English actress
1986–Amber Heard, American actress
1986–Kim Noorda, Dutch model
1987–David Luiz, Brazilian footballer
1987–Mikel John Obi, Nigerian footballer
1989–Louis Smith, Englishgymnast
1989–Thomas James Longley, English actor and model
1989–Jasper Cillessen, Dutchfootballer
1990–Victor Dubuisson, French cyclist
1990–Machine Gun Kelly, American rapper
1990–Eve Muirhead, Scottishcurler
1992–Rolene Strauss, South Africanmodel
1996–Wendy Sulca,Peruvian singer

Deaths

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Up to 1900

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296–Pope Caius
536–Pope Agapetus I
1592–Bartolomeo Ammanati, Italian architect and sculptor (b.1511)
1672–Georg Stiernhielm, Swedish poet (b.1598)
1699–Hans Erasmus Aßmann, Freiherr von Abschatz, German statesman and poet (b.1646)
1758–Antoine de Jussieu, French naturalist (b.1686)
1778–James Hargreaves, English inventor (b.1720)
1806–Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, French admiral (stabbed) (b.1763)
1827–Thomas Rowlandson, English painter andcaricaturist (b.1756)
1833–Richard Trevithick, English inventor (b.1771)
1854–Nicolas Bravo, 11thPresident ofMexico (b.1786)
1884–Marie Taglioni, Swedish ballerina (b.1804)
1892–Edouard Lalo, French composer (b.1823)
1893–Chaim Aronson, Lithuanian inventor and academic (b.1825)
1896–Thomas Meik, British civil engineer (b.1812)

1901– 2000

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1908–Henry Campbell-Bannerman,Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b.1836)
1925–André Caplet, French composer (b.1878)
1930–Jeppe Aakjaer, Danish poet and novelist (b.1866)
1933–Henry Royce, British automobile manufacturer (b.1863)
1945–Käthe Kollwitz, German artist (b.1867)
1946–Harlan F. Stone,Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (b.1872)
1951–Horace Donisthorpe, British entomologist (b.1870)
1968–Stephen H. Sholes, American recording executive (b.1911)
1978–Will Geer, American actor and activist (b.1902)
1980–Fritz Strassmann, German physicist (b.1902)
1980–Jane Froman, American actress (b.1907)
1983–Earl "Fatha" Hines, American jazz pianist (b.1903)
1984–Ansel Adams, American photographer (b.1902)
1986–Mircea Eliade, Romanian writer and philosopher (b.1907)
1989–Emilio G. Segre, Italian–Americanphysicist (b.1905)
1990–Albert Salmi, American actor (b.1928)
1993–Stephen Lawrence, English student (b.1974)
1994–Richard Nixon, 37thPresident of the United States (b.1913)
1995–Maggie Kuhn, American activist (b.1905)
1996–Erma Bombeck, American humorist and writer (b.1927)
1999–Apostolos Nikolaidis, Greek singer (b.1938)

From 2001

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2002–Linda Lovelace, American actress (b.1949)
2003–Martha Griffiths, U.S. Congresswoman (b.1912)
2003–Michael Larrabee, American athlete (b.1933)
2004–Pat Tillman, American football player and U.S. Army Ranger (killed in action) (b.1976)
2005–Philip Morrison, American physicist (b.1915)
2005–Eduardo Paolozzi, Scottish artist and sculptor (b.1924)
2006–Alida Valli, Italian actress (b.1921)
2009–Jack Cardiff, English director (b.1914)
2009–Ken Annakin, English director (b.1914)
2013–Richie Havens, American folk singer and guitarist (b.1941)
2013–Vivi Bach, Danish actress (b.1939)
2014–Oswaldo Vigas, Venezuelan painter (b.1924)
2015– Lois Lilienstein, Canadian singer and musician (Sharon, Lois & Bram) (b.1936)
2015–Dick Balharry, Scottishconservationist,writer andwildlife photographer (b.1937)
2015–Gennadi Vengerov, Belarussian–bornactor (b.1959)
2015–Dorothy Custer, American comedienne (b.1911)
2016–Jory Prum, American audio engineer and video game developer (b.1975)
2016–Peter Sellers, New Zealand broadcaster (b.1921)
2017–Hubert Dreyfus, Americanphilosopher (b.1929)
2017–William Hjortsberg, Americanwriter andscreenwriter (b.1941)
2017–Jess Kersey, Americanbasketball official (b.1941)
2017–Erin Moran, American actress (b.1960)
2017–Attilio Nicora, Italiancardinal (b.1937)
2017–Witold Pyrkosz, Polish actor (b.1926)
2017–Gustavo Rojo, Uruguayan actor (b.1923)
2017–Michele Scarponi, Italian racing cyclist (b.1979)
2018–Demeter Bitenc, Slovenian actor (b.1922)
2018–Nino Khurtsidze, Georgianchess player (b.1975)
2018–Dave Nelson, Americanbaseball player (b.1944)
2019–Krasimir Bezinski, Bulgarianfootballer (b.1961)
2019–Robert L. Butler, American politician (b.1927)
2019–Heather Harper, Northern Irish soprano (b.1930)
2019–Ventseslav Konstantinov, Bulgarian writer and translator (b.1940)
2019–Le Duc Anh, formerPresident ofVietnam (b.1920)
2019–Billy McNeill, Scottishfootballer (b.1940)
2019–Oiva Toikka, Finnish glass designer (b.1931)
2019–Julio César Toresani, Argentinefootballer (b.1967)

Observances

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Arbor Day in parts of theUnited States
Earth Day
Discovery Day (Brazil)
Stephen Lawrence Day (United Kingdom), to be observed from2019

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