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April 16

From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

April 16 is the 106th day of the year(107th inleap years) in theGregorian calendar.There are 259 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

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Up to 1900

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73–Masada, a Jewish fortress, falls to theRomans after several months of siege.
1520– TheRevolt of the Comuneros begins inSpain against the rule ofCharles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
1521–Protestant Reformation:Martin Luther's first appearance before theDiet of Worms to be examined byCharles V, Holy Roman Emperor and other estates of the empire.
1582– Spanishconquistador Hernando de Lerma founds the city ofSalta,Argentina.
1705–Isaac Newton isknighted, becoming aSir.
1746– TheBattle of Culloden is fought nearInverness,Scotland, as aHighlander army is defeated by a Lowlander army, led by theDuke of Cumberland.
1780– TheUniversity of Muenster inGermany is founded.
1799–Napoleonic Wars:Battle of Mount Tabor –Napoleon Bonaparte drives theOttoman Turks across theJordan River near Acre, in present-dayIsrael.
1818– TheUnited States Senate ratifies theRush-Bagot Treaty, establishing the border withCanada.
1847– The accidental shooting of aMaori by an English sailor results in the start of theWanganui Campaign of theNew Zealand Land Wars.
1853–India's first passengerrail opens fromBori Bunder,Bombay toThane.
1862–American Civil War:Battle at Lee's Mills,Virginia
1863–American Civil War:Siege of Vicksburg
1881–Bat Masterson fights his lastgun battle inDodge City,Kansas.
1888–Germany annexes Nauru.
1894–Manchester City F.C. is formed fromArdwick F.C.

1901– 2000

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1908– TheNatural Bridges National Monument is created inUtah.
1912–Harriet Quimby becomes the firstwoman to fly anairplane across theEnglish Channel.
1917–Vladimir Lenin returns toPetrograd fromexile inSwitzerland.
1919–Mahatma Gandhi organizes a day of "Prayer and Fasting" in response to the killing ofIndian protestors inAmritsar, in the Jallianwala Massacre by British colonial troops three days earlier.
1919–Polish-Soviet War: The Polish army launches the Vilna offensive to captureVilnius in present-dayLithuania.
1922– TheTreaty of Rapallo is signed, re-establishingdiplomatic relations betweenGermany andSoviet Russia.
1925– ACommunist assault onSaint Nedelya Church inSofia,Bulgaria, kills 150 people.
1941–World War II: ItalianconvoyDuisburg is destroyed by Britishships.
1941– AFascist government led byAnte Pavelic comes to power inCroatia.
1941–Bob Feller of theCleveland Indians throws the only opening day no-hitter inMajor League Baseball, defeating theChicago White Sox 1–0.
1943–Albert Hofmann first discovers the psychedelic effects ofLSD.
1944–World War II: The Allied bombing ofBelgrade kills around 1,100 people.
1945–World War II: TheRed Army begins its final assault on German forces aroundBerlin.
1945–World War II: German refugee shipGoya is sunk by aSoviet submarine torpedo, killing around 7,000 people.
1947– Texas City,Texas, is set onfire after an explosion on a freighter, killing around 600 people.
1947–Bernard Baruch first uses the termCold War.
1953– QueenElizabeth II launches the royalyacht HMYBritannia.
1961–Fidel Castro declares himself aMarxist–Leninist and thatCuba is officially adoptingCommunism.
1962–Walter Cronkite becomes the lead anchor ofCBS Evening News.
1963–Martin Luther King, Jr. writes the 'Letter from Birmingham Jail' while imprisoned inBirmingham, Alabama for protesting against racial segregation.
1964– The participants of theGreat Train Robbery are sentenced to prison.
1972–Apollo 16 is launched.
1990–Jack Kevorkian participates in his firstassisted suicide.
1992– TheKatina P runs aground offMaputo,Mozambique, spilling around 60,000 tons of crudeoil into theIndian Ocean.
1994–Hutu soldiers inRwanda begin the Massacre of Nyarubuye on theTutsi people. By the time it ends the next day, around 2,000 people have been killed.
1996–Basketball: TheChicago Bulls win a record 70th game in oneNBA season. The team's most famous player at the time wasMichael Jordan.

From 2001

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2001–India andBangladesh begin a five-day borderwar.
2003– TheTreaty of Accession is signed inAthens, allowing 10 new members to join theEU onMay 1,2004.
2007–Seung-Hui Cho, kills 33 people, including himself in theVirginia Tech massacre, the worst shooting spree in modernUS history.
2012–Anders Behring Breivik goes on trial for theJuly 22,2011 Norway attacks.
2013– A magnitude 7.8earthquake strikes southeastIran, near the border withPakistan. Damage is reported on both sides of the border.
2014– The MVSewolferry, travelling fromIncheon toJeju Island off the south coast ofSouth Korea, sinks near Jindo Island off the southwest coast, killing 295 people.
2014–Scientists announce the possible discovery of a newmoon ofSaturn being created out of its rings.
2016– Alarge scale earthquake strikesEcuador.
2017–Turkey holds a referendum on changing theconstitution to that of a Presidential republic; Results indicate just over half of voters support the proposal.
2019– TheNotre-Dame de Paris fire, which broke out the previous evening, is extinguished by firefighters.

Births

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Up to 1800

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778– KingLouis the Pious (d.840)
1319– KingJohn II of France (d.1364)
1488–Jungjong of Joseon ofKorea (d.1544)
1495–Petrus Apianus, Germanmathematician (d.1557)
1516–Tabinshwehti, King ofBurma (d.1550)
1619–Jan van Riebeeck, Dutch ship doctor, salesman and colonial official (d.1677)
1646–Jules Hardouin Mansart, Frencharchitect (d.1708)
1652–Pope Clement XII (d.1740)
1660–Hans Sloane, Englishscientist (d.1753)
1661–Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax, Englishpoet andstatesman (d.1715)
1682–John Hadley, English inventor (d.1744)
1693–Anne Sophie Reventlow, Queen ofDenmark andNorway (d.1743)
1728–Joseph Black,Scottish scientist who discoveredcarbon gas (d.1799)
1730–Henry Clinton, Englishgeneral andpolitician (d.1795)
1786–John Franklin,British royal navy officer andArctic explorer (d.1847)
1799–John Wesley Davis, American politician (d.1850)

1801– 1900

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1808–Caleb Blood Smith, American journalist and politician (d.1864)
1821–Ford Madox Brown, Englishpainter (d.1893)
1823–Gotthold Eisenstein, Germanmathematician and academic (d.1852)
1838–Ernest Solvay, Belgianchemist (d.1922)
1839–Antonio Starabba,Prime Minister of Italy (d.1908)
1844–Anatole France,French writer (d.1924)
1847–Hans Auer,Swiss architect (d.1906)
1848–Kandukuri Veerasalingam, Indian social reformer (d.1919)
1863–Emile Friant, French painter (d.1932)
1866–Jose de Diego, Puerto Ricanstatesman andjournalist (d.1918)
1867–Wilbur Wright of theWright brothers, air travel pioneer (d.1912)
1868–Spottiswoode Aitken, Scottish-American actor (d.1933)
1871–Henry Stephenson, English actor (d.1956)
1871–John Millington Synge, Irish writer (d.1909)
1885–Leo Weiner, Hungarian composer and music educator (d.1960)
1886–Ernst Thaelmann, German politician (d.1944)
1886–Margaret Woodrow Wilson, daughter ofWoodrow Wilson (d.1944)
1887–Gudjon Samuelsson, Icelandicarchitect (d.1950)
1888–Billy Minter, Englishfootballer (d.1940)
1889–Charlie Chaplin, British actor and movie producer (d.1977)
1890–Vernon Sturdee, Australian army commander (d.1966)
1890–Michalis Dorizas, Greek javelin thrower (d.1957)
1890–Nikolai Trubetzkoy, Russianlinguist andethnologist (d.1938)
1893–Federico Mompou,Catalan composer andpianist (d.1987)
1894–Ernst Ziegler, German actor (d.1974)
1895–Ove Arup, English-Danish engineer (d.1988)
1896–Pat Clayton, British surveyor and explorer (d.1962)
1896–Tristan Tzara, Romanian poet (d.1963)
1900–Polly Adler,Russian–born writer (d.1962)

1901– 1950

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1905–Frits Philips, Dutchbusinessman (d.2005)
1907–Joseph-Armand Bombardier, Canadian inventor of thesnowmobile (d.1964)
1908–Ray Ventura, Frenchpianist andbandleader (d.1979)
1911–Guy Burgess, English-Soviet spy (d.1963)
1912–Catherine Scorsese, Italian-American actress (d.1997)
1915–Joan Alexander, American actress (d.2009)
1917–Barry Nelson, American actor (d.2007)
1917–Charlotte Salomon, Germanartist (d.1943)
1918–Spike Milligan,Irish comedian (d.2002)
1919–Merce Cunningham,American choreographer (d.2009)
1921–Wolfgang Leonhard, Germanhistorian andwriter (d.2014)
1921–Peter Ustinov, British actor (d.2004)
1922–Kingsley Amis, British writer (d.1995)
1922–Samuel Youd, British writer (d.2012)
1922–Leo Tindemans, 43rdPrime Minister of Belgium (d.2014)
1923–Arch A. Moore, Jr., Americanpolitician, 28th and 30thGovernor ofWest Virginia (d.2015)
1924–Henry Mancini, American composer (d.1994)
1924–Rudy Pompilli, American musician (d.1976)
1927–Peter Mark Richman, American actor
1927–Pope Benedict XVI
1930–Herbie Mann, Americanjazz flute player (d.2003)
1932–Henk Schouten, Dutchfootballer (d.2018)
1933–Joan Bakewell, British broadcaster
1933–Vera Krepkina, Russian long jumper
1933–Marcos Alonso Imaz, Spanishfootballer (d.2012)
1934–Robert Stigwood, Australian-British musicentrepreneur (d.2016)
1934–Barrie Unsworth, Australian politician, 38thPremier of New South Wales
1935–Sarah Kirsch, German writer (d.2013)
1935–Dominique Venner, Frenchhistorian andwriter (d.2013)
1935–Bobby Vinton, American musician
1936–Derrick Sherwin, English television producer and actor (d.2018)
1937–Vince Hill, Englishsinger-songwriter and record producer
1937–Vadim Kuzmin, Russianphysicist (d.2015)
1938–Gordon Wilson, Scottish politician (d.2017)
1939–Dusty Springfield, British singer (d.1999)
1940– QueenMargrethe II of Denmark
1940–Konstantin K. Kuzminsky, Russianpoet (d.2015)
1941–Cliff Stearns, American businessman and politician
1942–Frank Williams,Formula One team principal
1944–Richard Bradshaw, Britishopera conductor
1944–Dennis Russell Davies, Americanconductor andpianist
1944–Elmar Wepper, German actor
1945–Tom Allen, American politician
1946–Margot Adler, American writer,journalist andWiccan priest (d.2014)
1946–Ernst Bakker, Dutchpolitician (d.2014)
1947–Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Americanbasketball player
1947–Gerry Rafferty,Scottish musician (d.2011)
1949–Ann Romney, wife ofMitt Romney and formerFirst Lady ofMassachusetts

1951– 1975

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1951–Björgvin Halldórsson, Icelandic singer
1951–Ari Kristinsson, Icelandic director andscreenwriter
1951–Bill Walker, Americanpolitician, formerGovernor of Alaska
1952–Bill Belichick,American football coach
1952–Yoshikazu Nagai, Japanesefootballer
1952–Billy West, American voice actor
1954–Ellen Barkin, American actress
1954–Sibylle Lewitscharoff, German writer
1955–Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
1956–David M. Brown, Americancaptain,pilot andastronaut (d.2003)
1960–Wahab Akbar,Filipino politician (d.2007)
1960–Rafael Benítez,Spanish football manager
1960–Pierre Littbarski,German footballer
1961–Jarbom Gamlin, Indianpolitician, 7thChief Minister ofArunachal Pradesh (d.2014)
1963–Jimmy Osmond, American singer
1963–Saleem Malik,Pakistani cricketer
1964–Esbjörn Svensson, Swedishjazz pianist (d.2008)
1965–Jon Cryer, American actor,screenwriter,movie director andproducer
1965–Martin Lawrence, American actor and comedian
1965–Michael Wong Man Tak,Hong Kong actor andsinger
1968–Martin Dahlin, Swedishfootballer
1969–Patrik Jaerbyn, Swedishski racer
1969–Michael Baur, Austrianfootballer
1970–Gabrielle, English singer
1971–Selena, Mexican-American singer (d.1995)
1971–Natasha Zvereva,Belarussian tennis player
1971–Max Beesley, English actor and singer
1971–Peter Billingsley, Americanactor,director andproducer
1972–Conchita Martínez, Spanishtennis player
1973–Akon, American singer
1975–Sean Maher, American actor

From 1976

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1976–Shu Qi, Taiwanese actress
1976–Robert Dahlqvist, Swedishguitarist andsinger (d.2017)
1977–Fredrik Ljungberg,Swedish footballer
1977–Thomas Rasmussen, Danishfootballer
1977–Alek Wek,Sudanese model
1978–Lara Dutta, Indian actress and model
1978–Igor Tudor,Croatian footballer
1978–Nikki Griffin, American actress
1979–Sixto Peralta, Argentinefootballer
1979–Sean Costello, Americanblues musician (d.2008)
1980–Reeyot Alemu, Ethiopian journalist
1982–Gina Carano, American actress, television personality, model and former mixed martial artist
1982–Boris Diaw, Frenchbasketball player
1983–Marié Digby, Americansinger-songwriter,guitarist andactress
1984–Claire Foy, British actress
1985–Luol Deng, Sudanese-Britishbasketball player
1985–Brendon Leonard, New Zealandrugby player
1985–Sam Tillen, Englishfootballer
1985–Taye Taiwo, Nigerian footballer
1986–Shinji Okazaki,Japanese footballer
1986–Paul di Resta, Scottish racing driver
1986–Epke Zonderland, Dutch gymnast
1987–Aaron Lennon,English footballer
1987–Aleksander Vinter, Norwegian musician
1988–Hayley Squires, British actress
1990–Lily Loveless, British actress
1990–Lorraine Nicholson, American actress
1991–Kim Kyung-jung, South Koreanfootballer
1992–Prince Sébastien of Luxembourg
1993–Mirai Nagasu, American figure skater
1993–Chance the Rapper, American singer and rapper
1994–Liliana Mumy, American actress
1996–Kento Misao, Japanesefootballer
2002–Sadie Sink, American actress
2008–Princess Eléonore of Belgium

Deaths

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Up to 1900

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69–Otho,Roman Emperor (b.32)
665–Fructuosus of Braga, Frencharchbishop andsaint
744–al-Walid II ibn Abd al-Malik,Umayyad caliph
1113–Sviatopolk II of Kiev (b.1050)
1118–Adelaide of Vasto, Italian wife ofRoger II of Sicily (b.1075)
1198– DukeFrederick I of Austria
1687–George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, English statesman and poet (b.1628)
1689–Aphra Behn,dramatist (b. ca.1640)
1742–Stefano Benedetto Pallavicino, Italianpoet (b.1672)
1756–Jacques Cassini, Frenchastronomer (b.1677)
1783–Christian Mayer, Czechastronomer (b.1719)
1788–Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist (b.1707)
1828–Francisco de Goya,Spanish painter (b.1746)
1846–Domenico Dragonetti, Italian composer (b.1763)
1850–Marie Tussaud, French creator ofwaxworks (Madame Tussaud's) (b.1761)
1859–Alexis de Tocqueville, French historian (b.1805)
1879–Bernadette Soubirous, FrenchRoman Catholic saint (b.1844)
1888–Zygmunt Florenty Wroblewski, Polishphysicist (b.1845)
1898–Robert Milligan McLane,Governor ofMaryland (b.1815)
1899–Emilio Jacinto, Filipino poet and revolutionary (b.1875)

1901– 2000

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1904–Samuel Smiles, Scottish writer and reformer (b.1812)
1914–George William Hill, astronomer (b.1838)
1915–Nelson W. Aldrich, Senator from Rhode Island (b.1841)
1930–Jose Carlos Mariategui,Peruvian journalist,philosopher andactivist (b.1894)
1934–John J. Blaine, 24thGovernor ofWisconsin (b.1875)
1938–Steve Bloomer, English footballer (b.1874)
1941–Hans Driesch, German biologist and philosopher (b.1867)
1942–Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b.1878)
1946–Arthur Chevrolet, Swiss-bornrace car driver and Automobile designer (b.1884)
1958–Rosalind Franklin, British chemist (b.1920)
1968–Fay Bainter, American actress (b.1893)
1968–Edna Ferber, American writer (b.1885)
1972–Kawabata Yasunari, Japanese writer (b.1899)
1973–Istvan Kertesz, Hungarian conductor (b.1929)
1973–Nino Bravo, Spanish pop singer (b.1944)
1978–Lucius Clay, American general (b.1897)
1978–Philibert Tsiranana,President ofMadagascar (b.1912)
1985–Scott Brady, American actor (b.1924)
1988–Khalil al-Wazir, Palestinian military leader (b.1935)
1991–David Lean, American movie director (b.1908)
1991–Sergio Peresson, Italianviolin maker (b.1913)
1992–Neville Brand, actor (b.1920)
1994–Ralph Ellison, American writer (b.1914)
1995–Iqbal Masih, Pakistani child slave (b.1982)
1996–Lucille Bremer, Americanactress anddancer (b.1927)
1997–Doris Angleton, American socialite (b.1951)
1997–Roland Topor, French actor, director and painter (b.1938)
1998–Fred Davis, English snooker player (b.1913)
1998–Marie-Louise Meilleur, Canadiansupercentenarian (b.1880)

From 2001

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2001–Michael Ritchie, American movie director (b.1938)
2002–Olivier Eggimann, Swissfootballer (b.1919)
2002–Ruth Fertel, American restaurateur (b.1927)
2002–Robert Urich, American actor (b.1946)
2003–Graham Stuart Thomas, British horticultural artist, writer, and garden designer (b.1909)
2005–Kay Walsh, British actress (b.1911)
2007– Deaths in theVirginia Tech Massacre:
- Jocelyne Couture-Nowak, Canadian French instructor (b.1958)
- Kevin Granata, American professor of languages (b.1961)
- Liviu Librescu, Romanian-born engineer and professor (b.1930)
- Seung-Hui Cho, perpetrator of theVirginia Tech massacre (b.1984)
2007–Maria Lenk, Brazilian swimmer (b.1915)
2008–Edward Norton Lorenz, Americanmathematician andmeteorologist (b.1917)
2010–Carlos Franqui, Cuban writer and political activist (b.1921)
2010–Tomas Spidlik, Czechcardinal (b.1919)
2011–Allan Blakeney, Canadian politician, 10thPremier of Saskatchewan (b.1925)
2012–Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller, Danish shipping magnate (b.1913)
2013–Pat Summerall,American football player (b.1930)
2013–Pentti Lund, Finnish-Canadianice hockey player (b.1925)
2013–George Beverly Shea, Canadian-Americangospel singer (b.1909)
2013–Ali Kafi,Algerian politician (b.1928)
2014–Gyude Bryant,Liberian politician (b.1949)
2014–Ernst Florian Winter, Austrian-Americanhistorian and political scientist (b.1923)
2014–Albert André, German Roman Catholicpriest (b.1930)
2015–Valery Belousov, Russianice hockey player (b.1948)
2015–Attaphol Buspakom, Thaifootballer and coach (b.1962)
2015–Stanislav Gross, 5thPrime Minister of theCzech Republic (b.1969)
2015–Lee Remmel, American PR spokesman (b.1924)
2015–Oles Buzina, Ukrainianjournalist (b.1969)
2015–Johnny Kemp, Bahamian singer (b.1959)
2015–Heino Kleiminger, Germanfootballer (b.1939)
2016–Rubén Mendoza Ayala, Mexican politician (b.1961)
2016–Jeanette Bonnier, Swedish media proprietor, journalist and writer (b.1934)
2016–Rod Daniel, American film director (b.1942)
2016–William M. Gray, Americanmeteorologist (b.1929)
2016–Charlie Hodge, Canadianice hockey player (b.1933)
2016–Louis Pilot, Luxembourgianfootballer (b.1940)
2016–Helmut Rohde, German politician (b.1925)
2016–Peter Rock, Chilean musician and actor (b.1945)
2016–Kit West, British special effects artist (b.1936)
2017–Gianni Boncompagni, Italian television presenter, producer and screenwriter (b.1932)
2017–Arcan Cetin, Turkish-American terrorist (b.1996)
2017–Allan Holdsworth, British guitarist and composer (b.1946)
2018–Harry Anderson, American actor (b.1952)
2018–Choi Eun-hee, South Korean actress (b.1926)
2018–Dona Ivone Lara, Brazilian singer and composer (b.1921)
2018–Ivan Mauger, New Zealandmotorcycle speedway rider (b.1939)
2018–Lynn Stout, American law scholar (b.1957)
2018–Pamela Gidley, American actress (b.1965)
2018–Henri Landwirth, Belgian-American hotelier (b.1927)
2018–Paul Singer, Austrian-Brazilian economist (b.1932)
2019–Ahmad Eghtedari, Iranian teacher, writer and lawyer (b.1925)
2019–Guro Fjellanger, Norwegian politician (b.1964)
2019–Jörg Demus, Austrian pianist (b.1928)
2019–Kent Harris, American songwriter and record producer (b.1930)
2019–Suzanne Twelftree, Australian wheelchair tennis player and powerlifter (b.1956)
2019–Hansjörg Auer, Austrian mountaineer (b.1984)
2019–David Lama, Austrian mountaineer (b.1990)
2019–Jess Roskelley, American mountaineer (b.1982)

Observances

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Birthday of QueenMargrethe II of Denmark
Emancipation Day (Washington, DC)
WorldVoice Day

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