Movatterモバイル変換

Jump to content

Permian

සබැඳි සංස්කරණය කරන්න

විකිපීඩියා වෙතින්

Permian

298.9 ± 0.15 – 251.902 ± 0.024Ma

Chronology

−300 —

–

−295 —

–

−290 —

–

−285 —

–

−280 —

–

−275 —

–

−270 —

–

−265 —

–

−260 —

–

−255 —

–

−250 —

P
a
l
e
o
z
o
i
c

M
Z

Carboniferous

P
e
r
m
i
a
n

Triassic

C
i
s
u
r
a
l
i
a
n

G
u
a
d
a
l
u
p.

←

Permian-Triassic mass extinction event

←

end-Capitanian extinction event

←

Olson's Extinction

Subdivision of the Permian according to theICS, as of 2022.^[1]
Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.

Etymology

Name formality

Formal

Usage information

Regional usage

Global (ICS)

Time scale(s) used

ICS Time Scale

Definition

Chronological unit

Stratigraphic unit

Time span formality

Formal

Lower boundary definition

FAD of theConodontStreptognathodus isolatus within themorphotypeStreptognathodus wabaunsensis chronocline.

Lower boundary GSSP

Aidaralash,Ural Mountains,Kazakhstan
50°14′45″N57°53′29″E / 50.2458°N 57.8914°E /50.2458; 57.8914

GSSP ratified

1996^[2]

Upper boundary definition

FAD of the ConodontHindeodus parvus.

Upper boundary GSSP

Meishan,Zhejiang,China
31°04′47″N119°42′21″E / 31.0798°N 119.7058°E /31.0798; 119.7058

GSSP ratified

2001^[3]

Permian යනු වසර මිලියන 299-252 කට පෙර, එනම් Paleozoic යුගයේ හයවන සහ අවසාන කාලපරිච්ඡේදය වේ.

ආශ්‍රිත

[සංස්කරණය]

List of fossil sites(with link directory)
Olson's Extinction
List of Permian tetrapods

මූලාශ්‍ර

[සංස්කරණය]

^"Chart/Time Scale".www.stratigraphy.org. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
^Davydov, Vladimir; Glenister, Brian; Spinosa, Claude; Ritter, Scott; Chernykh, V.; Wardlaw, B.; Snyder, W. (March 1998)."Proposal of Aidaralash as Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for base of the Permian System"(PDF).Episodes.21: 11–18.doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i1/003. සම්ප්‍රවේශය7 December 2020.
^Hongfu, Yin; Kexin, Zhang; Jinnan, Tong; Zunyi, Yang; Shunbao, Wu (June 2001)."The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic Boundary"(PDF).Episodes.24 (2): 102–114.doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/004. සම්ප්‍රවේශය8 December 2020.

භාහිර සබැඳි

[සංස්කරණය]

Wikisource has original works on the topic:Paleozoic#Permian

Permian හා සබැඳි මාධ්‍ය විකිමාධ්‍ය කොමන්ස් හි ඇත.

University of California offers a more modern Permian stratigraphy
Classic Permian strata in the Glass Mountains of the Permian Basin
"International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS)".Geologic Time Scale 2004. සම්ප්‍රවේශයSeptember 19, 2005.
Examples of Permian Fossils
Permian (chronostratigraphy scale)
Schneebeli-Hermann, Elke (2012), "Extinguishing a Permian World", Geology 40 (3): 287–288,
doi:10.1130/focus032012.1
,
Bibcode: 2012Geo....40..287S

v
t
e

මහ පොළොවේ භූවේදාත්මක ඉතිහාසය

Cenozoic Era
(present–66.0 Ma)

Quaternary(present–2.58 Ma)	Holocene (present–11.8 ka) Pleistocene (11.8 ka–2.58 Ma)
Neogene(2.58–23.0 Ma)	Pliocene (2.59–5.33 Ma) Miocene (5.33–23.0 Ma)
Paleogene(23.0–66.0 Ma)	Oligocene (23.0–33.9 Ma) Eocene (33.9–56.0 Ma) Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Ma)

Mesozoic Era
(66.0–252 Ma)

Cretaceous(66.0–145 Ma)	Late (66.0–100 Ma) Early (100–145 Ma)
Jurassic(145–201 Ma)	Late (145–164 Ma) Middle (164–174 Ma) Early (174–201 Ma)
Triassic(201–252 Ma)	Late (201–237 Ma) Middle (237–247 Ma) Early (247–252 Ma)

Paleozoic Era
(252–539 Ma)

Permian(252–299 Ma)	Lopingian (252–260 Ma) Guadalupian (260–272 Ma) Cisuralian (272–299 Ma)
Carboniferous(299–359 Ma)	Pennsylvanian (299–323 Ma) Mississippian (323–359 Ma)
Devonian(359–419 Ma)
Silurian(419–444 Ma)	Pridoli (419–423 Ma) Ludlow (423–427 Ma) Wenlock (427–433 Ma) Llandovery (433–444 Ma)
Ordovician(444–485 Ma)
Cambrian(485–539 Ma)	Furongian (485–497 Ma) Miaolingian (497–509 Ma) Series 2 (509–521 Ma) Terreneuvian (521–539 Ma)

Proterozoic Eon
(539 Ma–2.5 Ga)

Neoproterozoic(539 Ma–1 Ga)	Ediacaran (539–635 Ma) Cryogenian (635–720 Ma) Tonian (720 Ma–1 Ga)
Mesoproterozoic(1–1.6 Ga)	Stenian (1–1.2 Ga) Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Ga) Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Ga)
Paleoproterozoic(1.6–2.5 Ga)	Statherian (1.6–1.8 Ga) Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Ga) Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Ga) Siderian (2.3–2.5 Ga)

Archean Eon(2.5–4 Ga)

Hadean Eon(4–4.6 Ga)

ka = kiloannum (thousands years ago);Ma = megaannum (millions years ago);Ga = gigaannum (billions years ago).
See also:Geologic time scale •

Geology ද්වාරය •

World ද්වාරය

"https://si.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permian&oldid=511578" වෙතින් සම්ප්‍රවේශනය කෙරිණි

ප්‍රවර්ග:

සැඟවුණු ප්‍රවර්ග:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp