 | මෙම ලිපිය වැඩිදියුණු කළයුතුව ඇත. ඔබ මෙම මාතෘකාව පිලිබඳව දැනුවත්නම්, නව කරුණු එක්කිරීමට දායකවන්න. |
 | |
 openSUSE 15.0 with customizedGNOME Classic | |
| විකාශකයා | openSUSE Project, (sponsored byNovell andopen-slx[1]) |
|---|---|
| OS පවුල | Unix-like |
| Working state | Current |
| මූලාශ්‍ර ආකෘතිය | Free and open source software |
| Initial release | මාර්තු 1994; වසර 31 කට පෙර (1994-03) |
| Latest release | Leap 15.0 / මැයි 25, 2018; වසර 6 කට පෙර (2018-05-25) |
| Repository |  |
| අලෙවිකරණ ඉලක්කය | Consumer, Small Business, Development |
| ලබා ගත හැක්කේ | English, German, many others |
| Update method | ZYpp (YaST) |
| Package manager | RPM Package Manager:RPM, YaST2 One-Click Install:YMP File |
| Platforms | IA-32,x86-64 |
| Kernel type | Monolithic (Linux) |
| Defaultuser interface | KDE Plasma Desktop |
| License | GNU GPL and others |
| Official website | www.opensuse.org |
openSUSE (උසුරුවනුයේ/ˌoʊpənˈsuːzə/) යනු සාමාන්‍ය කටයුතු සදහා යොදාගන්නා ලිනක්ස් මත පදනම් වූමෙහෙයුම් පද්ධති, මෙය ප්‍රජාව විසින් සහාය දක්වන openSUSE ව්‍යාපෘතිය මගින් සංවර්ධනය කරනු ලබන අතර 2004 ජනවාරියේ SUSE ලිනක්ස් ලබාගත් පසුNovell සමාගම මගින් මේ සදහා අනුග්‍රහය ලබා දේ.[2]Novell සමාගම SUSE Linux වෘතීය නිෂ්පාදන Professional product as a 100% open source project, involving the community in the development process.[3] ප්‍රථම ස්ථායී නිකුතුව වන්නේ SUSE Linux 10.0 හි බීටා නිකුතුවයි. 2010 නොවැම්බර් වන විට ස්ථායී නිකුතුව වන්නේ SUSE Linux 11.3 යි.,[4]
openSUSE is driven by theopenSUSE Project community and sponsored byNovell, to develop and maintainSUSE Linux distributions components. It is the equivalent of the historic "SuSE Linux Professional". After their acquisition of SUSE Linux, Novell has decided to make the community an important part of their development process.
Beyond the distribution, the openSUSE Project provides a web portal for community involvement. The community assists in developing openSUSE collaboratively with representatives from Novell by contributing code through theopenSUSE Build Service, writing documentation, designing artwork, fostering discussion on openmailing lists and inInternet Relay Chat channels, and improving the openSUSE site through itswiki interface. Novell markets openSUSE as the best, easiest distribution for all users.[5]
Like most Linux distributions, openSUSE includes both a defaultgraphical user interface (GUI) and acommand line interface option. During installation, the user may choose amongKDE SC,GNOME,LXDE andXfce GUIs. openSUSE supports thousands of software packages across the full range ofFree software /open source development.
In the past, the SUSE Linux company had focused on releasing theSuSE Linux Personal andSuSE Linux Professional box sets which included extensive printed documentation that was available for sale in retail stores. The company's ability to sell an open source product was largely due to the closed-source development process used. Although SUSE Linux had always been open product licensed with the GPL, it was only freely possible to retrieve the source code of the next release 2 months after it was ready for purchase. SUSE Linux strategy was to create a technically superior Linux distribution with the large number of employed engineers, that would make users willing to pay for their distribution in retail stores.[6]
Since the acquisition byNovell in 2003 and with the advent of openSUSE this has been reversed: starting with version 9.2, an unsupported 1 DVDISO image of SUSE Professional was made available for download as well as a bootableLive DVD evaluation. The FTP server continues to operate and has the advantage of "streamlined" installs: Only downloading packages the user feels they need. The ISO has the advantages of an easy install package, the ability to operate even if the user's network card does not work "out of the box", and less experience needed (i.e., an inexperienced Linux user may not know whether or not to install a certain package, and the ISO offers several preselected sets of packages).
The initial stable release from the openSUSE Project, SUSE Linux 10.0, was available for download just before the retail release of SUSE Linux 10.0. In addition, Novell discontinued the Personal version, renaming the Professional version to simply "SUSE Linux", and repricing "SUSE Linux" to about the same as the old Personal version. As of version 10.2, theSUSE Linux distribution was officially renamed to openSUSE.[7][8]
Over the years, SuSE Linux has gone from a status of a distribution which includes proprietary software, with restrictive, delayed publications (2 months of waiting for those who had not bought the box, without ISOs available, but installation available via FTP) and a closed development model to a free distribution model with immediate and freely availability for all and transparent and open development.[9] Its popularity continues to grow: as of May 2010, for example, patch download statistics show more than two million unique installations of openSUSE 11.1 and 11.2 alone,[10] with the largest numbers located in Germany (28%) and the United States (14%).
openSUSE නොමිලයේ භාගත කල හැකි අතර වෙලදපලෙහි විකිනීමටද ඇත. නමුත් openSUSE බෙදාහැරීම ඇත්තේ එකක් පමණි. එය යම් යම් සංස්කරණx86 andx86-64 architectures (as for version 11.3) ලෙස පැමිනේ:
SUSE includes an installation and administration program called YaST2 which handles hard disk partitioning, system setup, RPM package management, online updates, network andfirewall configuration, user administration and more in an integrated interface. YaST also integrates withSaX2 to help users handle their graphics card and monitor, touch displays, and even additional monitors withXinerama. In more recent times, many more YaST modules have been added includingBluetooth support.
AutoYaSTසංරක්ෂණය කළ පිටපත 2011-07-16 at theWayback Machine යනු YaST2 හි කොටසක් වන අතර ස්වයංක්‍රීය ස්ථාපන සදහා භාවිතා වේ. සැකැස්ම XML ගොනුවක රදවා තබා ගන්නා අතර පරිශීලකයාගේ මැදිහත් වීමක් නොමැතිව කාර්යය සිදුවේ.
ZYpp (or libzypp) යනු ලිනක්ස් ම්රුදුකාංග කලමණාකරන යාන්ත්‍රණයක් වන එහි බැදීම විසදා පහසුවෙන් පැකේජ් කලමනණාකරනයට අවශයයමෘදුකාංග ක්‍රමලේඛන අතුරුමුහුනතක්අඩංගුය.
TheopenSUSE Build Service provides software developers with a tool to compile, release and publish their software for many distributions, includingMandriva,Ubuntu,Fedora andDebian. It typically simplifies the packaging process, so developers can more easily package a single program for many distributions, and many openSUSE releases, making more packages available to users regardless of what distribution version they use. It is published under theGPL.[12]
On January 2, 2006, SUSE developerDavid Reveman announced Xgl, an X server architecture designed to take advantage of modern graphics cards via theirOpenGL drivers, layered on top of OpenGL viaglitz. Compiz, one of the firstcompositing window managers for the X Window System that is able to take advantage of this OpenGL-acceleration, was also released.
SUSE has been a leading contributor to the KDE project for many years, and now SUSE sponsors more developers to work directly within KDE than any other distribution. Hence, SUSE’s contributions in this area have been very wide-ranging, and affecting many parts of KDE such askdelibs andKDEBase,Kontact, and kdenetwork. Other notable projects include:
TheXimian group became part of Novell, and in turn made and continued several contributions to GNOME with applications such asF-Spot,Novell Evolution andBanshee.The GNOME desktop now uses theslab instead of the classic double-panelled GNOME menu bars.
The initial stable release from the openSUSE Project was SUSE Linux 10.0, released on October 6, 2005.[13] This was released as a freely downloadableISO image and as a boxed retail package, with certain bundled software only included in the retail package.[14]
On May 11, 2006, theopenSUSE Project released SUSE Linux 10.1, with the mailing list announcement identifyingXgl,NetworkManager, AppArmor and Xen as prominent features.[15]
For their third release, the openSUSE Project renamed their distribution, releasing openSUSE 10.2 on December 7, 2006. Several areas that developers focused their efforts on were reworking the menus used to launch programs in KDE and GNOME, moving toext3 as the defaultfile system, providing support for internal readers ofSecure Digital cards commonly used indigital cameras, improvingpower management framework (more computers can entersuspended states instead ofshutting down andstarting up) and thepackage management system. This release also featured version 2.0 ofMozilla Firefox.
The fourth release, openSUSE 10.3, was made available as a stable version on October 4, 2007.[16] An overhaul of the software package management system (including support for1-Click-Install), legal MP3 support fromFluendo and improved boot-time are some of the areas focused on for this release.
openSUSE 11.0 was released on June 19, 2008. It includes the latest version of GNOME and two versions of KDE (the older, stable 3.5.9 and the newer 4.0.4).[17][18] It comes in three freely downloadable versions: a complete installation DVD (including GNOME, KDE3, and KDE4), and twoLive CDs (GNOME, and KDE4 respectively). A KDE3 Live CD was not produced, however, due to limited resources.[18] Package management and installation were made significantly faster withZYpp.[19]
openSUSE 11.1 was released on December 18, 2008. Updated software includesGNOME 2.24.1,KDE 4.1.3 + KDE 3.5.10,OpenOffice.org 3.0,VirtualBox 2.0.6,Compiz 0.7.8,Zypper 1.0.1, continued improvement in the software update stack,X.Org 7.4,Xserver 1.5.2 and Linux kernel 2.6.27.7.[20]
openSUSE 11.2[21] was released on November 12, 2009. It includesKDE 4.3,GNOME 2.28,Mozilla Firefox 3.5,OpenOffice.org 3.1, improvedsocial network support, updated filesystems such asExt4 as the new default and support forBtrfs, installer support forwhole-disk encryption, significant improvements toYaST andzypper, and all ISO images arehybrid and now support both USB and CD-ROM boot.[4][22]
openSUSE 11.3 was released on July 15, 2010. It includes KDE 4.4.4, GNOME 2.30.1, Mozilla Firefox 3.6.6, OpenOffice.org 3.2.1, support for theBtrfs filesytem. It also updates the Linux kernel to version 2.6.34.[4]
The openSUSE project aims to release a new version every eight months. It supports each release with critical updates for two years from the release date. Starting with version 11.2, critical updates will be provided for two releases plus two months, which at the current release cycle of 8 months would result in a support lifetime of 18 months.[23]
| Color | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Red | Release no longer supported |
| Green | Release still supported |
| Blue | Future release |
| Project Name | Version | Release date | Kernel version |
|---|---|---|---|
| S.u.S.E. Linux (Slackware based) | 3/94 | 1994-03-?? | 1.0.0 |
| 7/94 | 1994-07-?? | 1.0.9 | |
| 11/94 | 1994-11-?? | ?.?.? | |
| 4/95 | 1995-04-?? | 1.2.9 | |
| 8/95 | 1995-08-?? | ?.?.? | |
| 11/95 | 1995-11-?? | ?.?.? | |
| S.u.S.E. Linux | 4.2 | 1996-05-?? | 1.2.13 |
| 4.3 | 1996-09-?? | ?.?.? | |
| 4.4 | 1997-05-?? | ?.?.? | |
| 5.0 | 1997-07-?? | 2.0.30 | |
| 5.1 | 1997-10-?? | 2.0.32 | |
| 5.2 | 1998-03-23 | 2.0.33 | |
| 5.3 | 1998-09-10 | 2.0.35 | |
| SuSE Linux | 6.0 | 1998-12-21 | 2.0.36 |
| 6.1 | 1999-04-07 | 2.2.6 | |
| 6.2 | 1999-08-12 | 2.2.10 | |
| 6.3 | 1999-11-25 | 2.2.13 | |
| 6.4 | 2000-03-09 | 2.2.14 | |
| 7.0 | 2000-09-27 | 2.2.16 | |
| 7.1 | 2001-01-24 | 2.2.18 | |
| 7.2 | 2001-06-15 | 2.4.4 | |
| 7.3 | 2001-10-13 | 2.4.9 | |
| 8.0 | 2002-04-22 | 2.4.18 | |
| 8.1 | 2002-09-30 | 2.4.19 | |
| 8.2 | 2003-04-07 | 2.4.20 | |
| SUSE Linux | 9.0 | 2003-10-15 | 2.4.21 |
| 9.1 | 2004-04-23 | 2.6.4 | |
| 9.2 | 2004-10-25 | 2.6.8 | |
| 9.3 | 2005-04-16 | 2.6.11 | |
| 10.0 | 2005-10-06 | 2.6.13 | |
| 10.1 | 2006-05-11 | 2.6.16 | |
| 10.1 remastered[24] | 2006-10-13 | 2.6.16 | |
| openSUSE | 10.2 | 2006-12-07 | 2.6.18 |
| 10.3 | 2007-10-04 | 2.6.22 | |
| 11.0 | 2008-06-19 | 2.6.25 | |
| 11.1 | 2008-12-18 | 2.6.27 | |
| 11.2 | 2009-11-12 | 2.6.31 | |
| 11.3 | 2010-07-15 | 2.6.34 | |
| 11.4 | 2011-03-??[4] | TBA |
openSUSE 11.1 has full support for32 bit i586 and64 bit x86-64PC hardware, as well asPowerPC (PPC) processors. The basic requirements for non-PPC hardware is as follows:[25]
The actually achievable minimum specs differ. Older processors that still belong to the i586 family are usable, for example theAMD K6/2. When excess language/translation files and documentation are removed and X is not needed, decent console-based router systems can be made using 300 MB disk space. Most console workloads also cope with 128 MB RAM at the cost of increased swap activity in tight situations.
