Tutlayin timaziɣin ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n Tafriqt d idɣarn nna ɣ llan
Tutlayin timaziɣin[13] (stfinaɣ tatrart: ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵉⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, s tifinaɣ n imuhaɣ: ⵜⵎⵣⵗⵜ ar tettyunṭaq:[tæmæˈzɪɣt]) gant yat trabbut zɣ tawja n tutlayintifryuasiyin, tutlayin ad zdint d ingratsnt ar sisnt sawaln iɣrfanimaziɣn ɣ tmizar ntmazɣa d tfriqt n ugafa s umata. Tutlayin ad myarnt yadlli ad ttyurant s yan ugmmay ism as Libik-birbir, lli nssn ɣassad s yism n tifinaɣ.
Tettusawal tamaziɣt dar tugt n middn ɣ tmizar nLmɣrib,Dzayr dLibya, d yan uṭṭun imẓẓiyn n middn ɣTunst,Cngiṭ, agafa nMali, agafa d utaram nNijr d ugafanBuṛkina Faṣu d tmazirt nSiwa ɣMiẓra. Tugt n imsiwln s tutlayin timaziɣin imzwagn, ɣassad llan s wuṭṭun n kra n 4 id mlyun, llan ɣ tmizar nUṛuppa n utaram, llan s kraḍ tasutin, zɣ isggʷasn n 1950. Uṭṭun n imaziɣn yugr wuṭṭun n imsiwln s tutlayin timaziɣin.
Kra n 95% n imsiwln s tutlayin timaziɣin ar sawaln yat zzɣ smmust tutlayin mqqurnin, kraygat yat zgisnt teṭṭaf uggar n sin id mlyun n imsiwln, ad tnt igan d s unmala n ustay n uṭṭun n imsiwln:Taclḥit,Taqbaylit,Tamaziɣt (n wammas),Tarifiyt,Tacawit.
Tutlayt taclḥit nɣ tasusit tga tutlayt tamaziɣt akkʷ imqqurn ɣ wuṭṭun n imsawaln. tg tmazirt-nns gr udrar n drn, Asif n Sus, Asif n Dra d waṭlas imẓẓiyn. llan imsiwln sis ɣ tmdinin mqqurnin ula nttnti zun dtigmmi tumlilt, dṛṛbaḍ dsla. Tga tclḥiyt yat zɣ tawja n tutlayin n waṭlas tama n tmaziɣt n waṭlas anammas.
Tutlayt tamaziɣt n tuẓẓumt
Tutlayt tarifit tga tutlayt n imaziɣen irifiyn nna izdɣn ɣ idrarn d iɣrman n Arrif lli d-yuckan dɣ ugafa numṛṛuk. Llan gr 3 ar 4 id mlyun n imsawaln s tutlayt-ad ɣ umṛṛuk duruppa
Tutlayt taqbaylit nɣ d tazwawt tga tutlayt n imaziɣn n iqbayliyn lli izdɣn ɣ tmazirt nlqbayl ɣDzayr. Taqbaylit tga yat tutlayt zɣ tutlayin timaziɣin iṭṭafn aṭṭan n imsawaln yattyun, tg tis snat dffir n tclḥiyt ɣ maya.
Tutlayt tacawit tga tutlayt n icawiyen, tg tutlayt tis snat ɣ wuṭṭun n imsawaln ɣ Dzayer dffir ntutlayt taqbaylit.
Tutlayt tumẓabt tga yat zɣ tutlayin timaziɣin n tmazirt n dzayr. Ar sis sawaln ɣ tsgiwin n wilaytat ɣrdaya .
Tutlayt taznatit tga yat tutlayt s sawalnimaziɣn ɣ tmazirt ndzayr. Ar as nttinitamaziɣt n tigurarin niɣtamaziɣt n twat. tg awal n tqbilin tiznatiyin nɣ znata n unẓul n tamazirt ndzayr. Tantala ad tga yat zɣ tutlayin n dzayr lli ttinin is tmmut ɣ tigira n 1985 ɣ iɣrman d iduwwarn n twat d tsggiwin tamntit d tittaf. Timyurin n iggmaḍn n tmizar ad n tmdyazt d uẓawan s taznatit ttyuran d frurin ɣ warratn nMulud Mɛmmri. Ttyuzmmamen ɣ imṣṭirn imzwura n tussna n ufgan nUNESCO
Tutlayt tasndit tga yat zɣ tutlayin timaziɣin lli illan ɣ tmazirt n Tunst, tg yat zɣ tutlayin lli immutn. Nnan mas d zɣ 1950, tutlayt-ad ur sul illi mad tt isawaln. Ɣ tmazirt n Tunst, mnnawt tutlayin ad illan agri skrnt nit s tɣarast n ismḍal. Imbddadn iqawmiyn n yiεṛabn lli inbḍn ɣ tmazirt n Tunst uggar 50 n usggʷas ayad gan tuggʷas-nnsn afad ad nɣin tadlsa d tutlayin timaziɣin.
Tutlayt tanfust niɣmazoɣ tga tantala lli sawaln imaziɣn n udrar n infusn (nɣ jabal naffusa), adrar-ad illa ɣ tmazirt nlibya,tanfusit tga ula yat tantala zɣ tutlayin timaziɣn lli sul idrn, waxxa tbidd tanbaḍt n libya ɣ ddu ifassn Lqddafi bac ad tt tmḍl. Ar tt sawaln uggar n 150 000 n umdan. tangalt (ISO 639-3) ns igat: jbn. Mnck ad bdda tsmun id bu icnubcn n tutlayt mas tga z tutlayin ntuns, mac nttat naḥayat disnt.
Uran imzwura tamaziɣt s iskkiln n tfinaɣ d iskkiln n tarabt d iskkiln n tlatinit mac ɣ usggwas n 2003 iskcmusinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt tifinaɣ ɣ uslmad n tmaziɣt; tdwel tifinaɣ niɣTifinaɣ tunṣibt ɣLmɣrib;
Tifinaɣ iggmayn iqburn ila ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n ifriqya sxdmant imaziɣn d ṭawariq
Iqbaylin n tamazirt d yan ugzzum mqqurn nimrukiyn ar tafan mas irxa bzzaf ad ttran s tirratamaziɣt talitinit. tirra yad ar tnt bahra ntafa ɣ lwib d-sitat imazi°n n - brra dtigzirin tiknariyin.
Kigan zzɣ mddn da ttiɣiln is d ar ɣilad ad ssntint tirra s tutlayin tamaziɣin, d is ur dars tlli awd yat taysi iran ad as yaws ad tgmu tmɣr acku taddagt ur ilin iẓuṛan mqqurnin ur tufi ad tili ifrawn d icṭḥan mqqurnin ! Is llan kra n warratn izaykutn dar tmaziɣt ? Mlmi ad ssntint tirra s tutlayt ad ? Ma ayd icuncgn amussu ad adlsan ? Man imukrisn d ittkkan mnid i warra amaziɣ ? Ma s nɣiy ad t nsyafu zzɣ wanaw ad n warratn izaykutn ?
Yuwi d uslmad Ɛumaṛ Affa lli igan aslmad ɣ tmɣrudt n Rrbaṭ dffir isnubbucn lli iga f usntl amzruy n warra amaziɣ s uskkil « aεṛab » mas igaUmṛṛuk s umata ansa i uskkir n warratn s tutlayin tamaziɣin s tmzarayin nns akkʷ swa ɣSus nɣ dLaṭlas nɣ dRrif irnu isslkn ɣ yat tinawt iga ttusinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt ɣ 2003 mas dSus ad igan tansbaɣurt uggar s wanaw ad n warratn. Aya yuwi t id, mk lli inna, wansa arakal lli illan dar tsga ad d lli tt yujjan ad taggug f iḍiṣn inadafn aylli tt yujjan ad tḍuf kigan n uzug anutlay d unamun d udmsan d usrtan.
Awttas zɣ warratn lli skrn iclḥiyn n zik ur igi tutlayt taclḥit s ixf nns maca ad ssawḍn tussna tamsɣant i ugdud amaziɣ lli ikkan ur da ittakʷztaεṛabt, aya isfaw t mas amata ɣ warratn ad aɣn d iskkinn n usgd swa ɣ igr n usumd nɣ ɣ igr n uflas nɣ ɣ igr n tikli n wasr nɣ isfra lli t ittalɣn, issuman t ulaa acku ur snzgumn imaratn ad s wanaw n tirra d ur srisn kra n ilugnn i usnmarra amaziɣ.
Kra n imdyatn zzɣ warratn aɣ d ilkmn :
Asuɣl n udlis Al anwar assunnyya fi lkalimat assunnyya« Tifawin tisunniyin ɣ tguriwin tisunniyin » iMuḥammad ug Aḥmad u Juzayy Aɣṛnaṭi s tmaziɣt n Sus.
Yuwi d uslmad Affa ɣ tinawt nns uttay n 25 n warra ttyaranin s tutlayt tamaziɣt, irnu uslmad ad mas d arrantn lli ittyamaẓn ɣ Uṛubba ttwaḥḍan ɣ Iks Un ɣ Rufans ɣ Fṛanṣa.
Zɣ warratn imaziɣn igan izaykutn lli ittyaskarn s tmaziɣt « Kitab al-asmae » (Adlis n wassaɣn) lli igan yan usgzawal (msmun awal) amaziɣ aεṛab ittuɣuln ɣr tasut tiss 12 n tlalit, ittyaskar usgzawal ad ɣ 1146 dat n tlalit, yara t u Tunart lli iluln ɣ 1085 dat tlalit immt ɣ 1172 (ur igi u Tumrt Amuwḥḥidi), tili ɣ warra ad 2500 n tguri tamaziɣt lli ɣ amunt 250 n wassaɣn n imɣayn, ig usgzawal ad yan zzɣ isgzawaln akkw iqbrn ɣ umaḍal. D hat zrwn kigan n imsnilsn imaziɣn d ayt Uṛubba (Ihulandiyn d Ifṛanṣiṣn) asgzawal « Adlis n wassaɣn » d yan umawal aḍnin assaɣ nns « Kacf aṛṛumuz » d ifḍn n warratn yaḍn lli ɣ llant tullisin, isfra, aflas, ismigiln,…lli d ikkan Amṛṛuk d Dzayr d Libya d Tiniri . arra amaziɣ akkw iqbrn ittyissin ar ɣilad d arra « Kitab albarbaryya » (Adlis n tmaziɣt) zzɣ Tuns, illa ɣ 896 n tasna, ar issfru taɣarast tibaḍit . ar ittuɣul usakud n usnulfu n warra ad amqran ar gr tasut tiss 8 d tiss 9 n tlalit, ar ittawz f tzrawt nns umsnils aṭalyan Vermondo Brugnatelli zzɣ tsdawit Milano-Bicocca. Aya yujja i imsnilsn ad isinn s talɣiwin n ussmrs n tmaziɣt n zik ittyaran zzɣ uggar n 1200 n usggwas aya.
Ar ɣilad ur ta llint kra n tsiḍan i taysi ad tansbaɣurt, d ur nssin man idɣarn ɣ llan kigan n warratn imaziɣn wala mani ɣ nn ḥḍan, s man aya ur nufi ad nfk yat twlaft imdn f tilawt n warratn ad, d ar ttddrn aṭaṣ n imukrisn amm assmrs ur ifulkin, mnziwt ur illin d tanzzarfut, assrwl d tukkṛḍa, nrnu asn nn awd imukrisn igamann amm iɣrdayn, iwḍfan, aɣmal, ubuy n warratn atg luman acku kigan ɣ warratn ad gan uslign s kra n tawjiwin lli d ifl umara, ar tn bḍḍun grasn. addad ad ismrnat uggar acku ur llint kra n tkafutin nna rad iswuri f uḥṭṭu d ufrag i warratn ad. S man aya zmrɣ ad iniɣ mas mk aɣ d uwḍnt tmiḍiwin n warratn hat ifḍn ad inɣuban swa s iskkirn igamann nɣ inafgann.
Arratn ad n tmaziɣt gan yan uɣbalu ur ittɣarn i tutlayt tamaziɣt acku usin kigan n umawal azayku nna ur nenni ad naf dar ayt ɣilad, aya yujja imrza ad sgisn ḍin kigan n tguriwin nna rad yaws ɣ usbɣr n tutlayt tamaziɣt d ussudr nns, maca tiwuriwin nna ittugan ar ɣilad ur gumnt, iqqn d ad tili yat tstratijit i uḥṭṭu n taysi ad ittug as usnmala d tzrawin afad ad d sgisn ittuẓẓg akkw uynna uman n tussna s lawan akkw ɣ igr n tutlayt tamaziɣt.[14]
Alexandra Filhon, « Parler berbère en famille : une revendication identitaire »,Revue européenne des migrations internationales,vol. 23,no 1, 2007(ɣṛ ɣ wantirnit[timḥḍit])
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