TgaTafriqt yanumnẓaw yumẓn 6% n tasna n wakal yamẓ 20% ɣ tasna n wakal yumann (tanna f ur ikki yill). Tajumma nns tlkm ar 30 415 873 km² nttat dtgzirin nns, aynna tt yujjan ad tg tis kraḍt ɣ umaḍal (iɣ ngaTamrikt d yan umnẓaw). S 1,225,080,510 n imzdaɣ[1], tga tfriqt tis snat ɣ wuṭṭun n imzdaɣ ḍaṛtAsya, tili gis 16,4% n imzdaɣ n umaḍal ɣ usggas n 2016. Amnẓaw ad igly t idYill Agrakal ɣ iẓẓlmḍ,Abadu n Sawis dYill Azggʷaɣ ɣ iẓẓlmḍ agmuḍan,Agaraw Ahindi ɣ iffus agmuḍan dUgaraw Anaṭlas ɣ tagut.
Ggutnt turdiwin f usala n yism n Tfriqt. Illa mad ifkan ismAfri i yimzdaɣ n iẓẓlmḍ n tfriqt ɣ tagut nwasif n Nnil, d ɣ unamk nns amatu ittufka i yikaliwn akkʷ illan ɣ iffus nYill Agrakal (libya tazaykut)[2][3]. Ikka yism afri izdi d tguri tafiniqtAfar nna issumkn "agḍrur"[4] mac ɣ usggas 1981 umanent d kra n turdiwin[5] nna ittinin mas d ismAfri ikka d taguri tamaziɣtIfri (amagut nns : ifran) s wassaɣ nns d imzdaɣ n yifran.[6] Taguri ad nit ar tt nttafa ɣ yism n yat twsit Banu Yafran ɣDzayr dLibya, yat twsit zzɣ yfran (tettwassn ula s ifran) ɣ iẓẓlmḍ utrim nLibya.[7]
Ddu unbaḍ n irumiyn, tgaQarṭaj tamaẓunt n tsga n tfriqt tarumiyt nna yumẓn ula ifttasn n Libya tatrart, ḍaṛt tirẓi n iqarṭajn ɣ umgaru abunik wiss kraḍ ɣ 146 dat n tlalit.[8] Amma-ka (-ca) nɣ-ika (-ica), iga aḍfir awlatin (Latin suffix) s unamk n wakal nɣ tamazirt.
Turdiwin yaḍn f usala n yism n tfriqt
Ɣ tasut tamzwarut, isslkn umsnmzruy uday flafyus Juzifus (Ant. 1.15) mas d idda yism zzɣ ifir (Epher), yan zzv wayawn n ibrahim, nna mu zugn wayawn nns s tfriqt.
Ɣ tasut tiss sat, isumr izidur n icbilya ɣ udlis nns iẓuran (Etymologiae XIV.5.2) mas d idda yism n tfriqt zzɣ tguri tawlatint (abrika / Aprica), anamk nns iffuk(tlla gis tafukt).
InnaMicil Fruyt 1976[9] mas d ism awlatin iqqn s tguri Africus (afrikus) "Aḍu n iffus", nna igan ɣ usala tambryant (Umbrian), ig unamk nns amzwaru Aḍu bu unẓar(rainy wind).
Tga tfriqt talli akkʷ mqqurn gr kraḍ ibudidn inẓulann mqqurnin ɣ taɣart n wakal. Ibḍa tt Yill Agrakal f Uruppa, tzdy d Asya ɣ iẓẓlmḍ agmuḍan sUbadu n Suwis nna mi tlla ɣ tirut nns 163 kilumitr.[10] (ɣ trakalt, ar tettusmil tmgzirt sina tawmiṣrt nna illan ɣ iẓẓlmḍ n Suwis d agzzum zzɣ tfriqt)[11] ttyn i tfriqt iftasn s tɣzi n 26.000 kilumitr.
Zzɣ ttmi n iwtta n tfriqt ɣ iẓẓlmḍ,Ras Bn Saqqa ɣTuns (37°21' agafa) ar ttmi n iwtta ɣ iffus,Kib Agulhas ɣtfriqt n unẓul (34°51'15 anẓul), illa uzaru n 8,000 kilumitr (5,000 mil);[12] d zzɣ ttmi n iwtta ɣ utaram,Ixf Azgzaw (34°51'15" ataram) ar ttmi n iwtta ɣ ugmuḍ,Ras Hafun ɣṢumal (51°27'52" agmuḍ), illa uzaru n 7,400 kilumitr (4,600 mil).[13]
TgaDzayr tamazirt akkʷ mqqurn ɣ tfriqt, tlkm tjumma nns 2,381,741 kilumitr amkkuẓ, tḍfr tt innSudan s 1,865,813 kilumitr amkkuẓ, ama tamazirt akkʷ mẓẓiyn tga ttSicl nna igan yan warkabil ɣ uftas agmuḍan n tfriqt.[14] TgaGambya tamazirt akkʷ mẓẓiyn ɣ ugns n wakal adslan n tfriqt.
Mqqar ggutn isugam igamann ɣ tfriqt, tsul tga tad bahra iẓlḍn d tmggarut ɣ tnflit tawfgan gr imnẓawn n umaḍal.[15] Zzɣ isragn n ɣayad llant tmuḍan inqqan d ifirusn (lumr ifirusn n Malarya dSida), tinbaḍin igufsan nna iskarn ibkkiḍn imizitn mgal izrfan n ufgan, alay n iswirn n tqbbanit, imnɣan gr twsitin. Tuwy d tanaḍt n tnflit tawfgant nna d tssufɣtmaddast n tmttiwin imunn ɣ usggas 2003 mas d simraw d smmust n tmizar llanin gr tskʷfal 151 d 175 gant akkʷ tiwrikin.[16]
Mnnaw isutag ssknen mas llant uggar n yifḍ n tutlayin ttusawalnin ɣ tfriqt (Yunisku tssutg attay n sin ifḍn).[17] Tugtt nnsnt gant tiwfrikin s usala, illint tinna mu iga usala nnsnt zzɣ Uruppa nɣ Asya. Tga tfriqt amnẓaw agtnutlay mqqurn ɣ umaḍal, d ayt tfriqt ur da sawaln ɣar mnnawt tutlayin tiwfrikin, mac ar sawaln ula yat nɣ mnnawt tutlayin zzɣ uruppa. Llant kkuẓt tawjiwin n tutlayanin mqqurnin ɣ tfriqt :
Tawja tutlayant (Afroasiatic) llant gis wattay n 240 n tutlayin d 285 mlyun n imssiwln ɣ Yisk awfrik, agafa n tfriqt, Saḥil, d iffus utrim n Asya.
Tawja tutlayant (Nilo-Saharan) tumy uggar n tmiḍi n tutlayin, da tnt sawaln 30 mlyun n umdan ɣ Tcad, Itubya, Kinya, Nijirya, Sudan, Sudan n Unẓul, Uganda, d ugafa n Ṭanẓanya.
Tawja tutlayant (Niger-Congo) tsmun tugtt n tutlayin ɣ tfriqt ddu tnzruft (Sub-Saharan Africa). Ɣ ma ad iẓlin s wuṭṭun n tutlayin, tga tawja ad talli akkʷ imqqurn ɣ tfriqt, nɣ d akkʷ ɣ umaḍal.
Tawja tutlayant (Khoisan) gis attay n smmumrawt n tutlayin, da tnt sawal 400.000 n umdan ɣ iffus n tfriqt.[18] Tugtt n tutlayin ɣ tawja ad llant ɣ Imizi n wfuḍ.
Ḍaṛt tigira n usdurri, ssnṣbnt akkʷ tmizar n tfriqt tutlayin tibṛṛaniyin zun d tutlayin timaddudin, mqqar ɣikann llant mnnaw tmizar ssmɣrnt tutlayin tiwfrikin (zun d: Swahili, Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa). Ɣ kigan n tmizar, tanglizt d tfṛansist ar ttusmrasnt i umsawaḍ ɣ yiga unbiz zun d tanbaḍt, tasɣnzit, asslmd d tɣmsa.
Flsn ayt tfriqt s mnnaw isgdan,[19] macc imra ad ittuskr yan usiṭṭn i yinflas n kraygat asgd, acku ur da ttirint tnbaḍin n tmizar ɣ mmrksn isgdan.[20] Illa ɣ tgrumsna adlis n umaḍal mas d asgdanslm ad bahra yuḍrern ɣ tfriqt, iḍfr t usgd amasiḥ. Yili ɣ tgrumsna tabriṭanit mas d 45% n imzdaɣ n tfriqt gan imuslmn, 40% gin imasiḥin d ddu 15% gan id war asgd nɣ d imḍfar n isgdan iwfrikn. Yili yan wuṭṭun idrusn n ayt tfriqt gan ihindusn, ibahayn, d wudayn.
↑Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918)."Afri". In Georges, Heinrich. Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch (8th ed.). Hannover. Retrieved 20 September 2015
↑Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles 1879.Afer A Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
↑Venter & Neuland, NEPAD and the African Renaissance (2005), p. 16
.svg)
.svg)
.svg)
.svg)
.svg)
.svg)
.svg)
.svg)