Hann tasna n udɣar amzray d tamazirt n Sus ad tga xta ! Amma tasna isawaln f tsga nSus-Masst lli igan yat zɣ tsgiwin n Lmɣrib ha tt xtad ad-t igan.
TgaTmazirt n Sus (stfinaɣ:ⵙⵓⵙ, staɛrabt:سوس, stfransist:Souss) yat tsga bahra istawhmman ɣ tgldit nLmɣrib, slawan akkʷ sumzruy,tadlsa dtrakalt nns, tbḍa f snat tsgiwinSus-Masst dGlmim-Asif Nun. Ayt sus ganiclḥiyn ar sawaln tutlayttaclḥit. Tettussan tsga ad bahra s taddagt nwargan lli gis illan, ur tlli ɣ awd mani yaḍn. Tg ula udɣar nna ɣ bdan imnkad (empires) mqqurnin zun dImrabḍn,Imwaḥḥidn,Isɛdiyn d tgldit nTẓrwalt dɣ nttat.
Tga Sus yat tsga nna ɣ tlla tfllaḥt iggutn, ilin gis tugt n tmssntay, tettussan stamallayt ɣ tgldit nLmɣrib. Tamaẓunt nns tga tt tmdint nUgadir, tg tamdint lli akkʷ gis imqqurn d nttat ad yusin tadamsa n tmazirt n Sus. Ilin daɣ timdinin yaḍnin zun dTiznit,Tarudant,Ayt Mllul,Inzggan,Ayt Baha,Byugra,Tafrawt,Ifni,Ṭaṭa, atg.
Sus tga yat tmazirt nɣ tasga illan ɣ unẓul utrim n tgldit nLmɣrib. Tg tasga nna ɣ illa uṭṭun akkʷ imqqurn n imssiwln stutlayin timaziɣin ɣ tgldit. Tutlayt nnsn tgataclḥit.
Ɣ tmazirt ad ar nttafa idrarn nWaṭlas Mqqurn ɣ ugafay nns d idrarn nwaṭlas mẓẓiyn ɣ tuẓẓumt nns. Adrar lli akkʷ gis imqqurn iga tt adrar nSirwa lli illan gr aṭlas mqqurn d way mẓẓiyn. Ar tlkkm tiɣzi nns uggar n 3 304 m. Ar gis zrayn yan wasif bahra ittussan att iganAsif n Sus.
Timdinin nns imqqurn gan tnTiznit,Tarudant,Ayt Mllul,Inzggan,Ayt Baha,Byugra,Tafrawt,Ifni,Ṭaṭa,Wlad tayma,Bizakarn,Masst,Taliwin ... TgAgadir tamaẓunt nns
Ar ttglamn id bu umzruy n uzmz amuslm Sus mas tgaTamazirt n Igizuln, nẓḍaṛ ad nini mas fkan i udɣar arakal yat taskta tanfgant, mayad isnamk mas d Sus tga tamazirt nIgizuln.[1] IsnmlƐabdlwaḥd Almuṛṛakuci tamazirt n Sus ḍaṛt ma f isawl fMṛṛakc, inna: « Mṛṛakc ad akkʷ iggʷran ɣ tmdinin mqqurnin nLmɣrib nna gis ittussann, d ur tlli kra n tmdint yaḍn ḍaṛat nns ittubdarn nna ɣ rad tili tɣrma, abla kra n tmdinin mẓẓinin ɣ Sus Al Aqṣa. Tlla yat tmdint mẓẓin ism asTarudant, nna igan tamaẓunt n Sus, d nna ɣ ttmunan imzdaɣn nns (imzdaɣn n Sus zɛma) d yat tmdint mẓẓin ism as Zujundar, nna illan ɣ iggi n uẓṛf, tettuzdaɣ zdar willi swurrin ɣ usufɣ n ma illan ɣ uzara ann, amma ɣ tmazirt n Igizuln, yat tmdint igan tamaẓunt nnsn tga s yism Lkest. Ɣ tmazirt nLmṭa, yat tmdint yaḍn ism as ɣd nttat Lmṭa, timdinin ad llant ḍaṛat nMṛṛakc, s ma iẓlin sTarudant d Zujundar, kcmɣ sisnt d ssnɣ tnt, is akkʷ sul ssnɣ inmudda d itjjarn d wiyyaḍ, slawant akkʷ tmdint n yizaran ittussann ddu yism n Zujundar, amma tmdint n Igizuln d tin Lmṭa, middn n idɣarn ann ka d tnt ittkkan. »[2]
Timdinin mẓẓinin ittubdarn zdarAlmuṛṛakuci zɣTarudant arLmṭa ttussann ɣassa ddu yism n Sus, acku inna : « Timdinin timẓyanin n Sus Al Aqṣa, ɣ tilawt,Al Yaɛqubi ɣ tasut tiss IX iskr ɣ Sus Al Aqṣa d tamdint zun d ukan tmdinin nTamdult dMasst. Kkant tt inn tmdinin ad zɣ tmdinin tixatarin n Sus. Nniɣ: AmmaTamdult, ur sul tsul ɣassa, d Masst nttat tsul da ttimɣur. Dɣya siɣ isbuɣla Al Yaɛqubi tannayt nns inna: " d Sus tlla ɣ ḍaṛat n udrar n Drn, ad t igan dWaṭlas Mqqurn, d ar itthyyu ɣ Nul Lmṭa ɣ d ttbddu tmnaḍt taṣḥrawit ».[3][4] Ayad irwas tannayt nAl Bakri ɣ tasut tiss XI, lli ittglamn Sus s tmnaḍt illan ḍaṛat n udrar n Drn bac ad thyyu ɣ Nul Lmṭa, nna ɣ tbddu tnzruft.[3]
Ibn Xaldun ntta ar ittglam Sus Al Aqṣa zun d kullu ma illan ḍaṛat nMṛṛakc, nna ɣ tllaTrudant d Ifran d ar tthyyu ɣ ugmmuḍ ɣ unafar nDra, ar gis izray asif n Sus ar yill.[5] Asnml ad ad bahra nttafa ɣ uzmz n imariniyn zun d adɣar n twalit n irgayn,Imariniyn nttni yadlli bḍan Lmɣrib f smmust tmnaḍin n twalit n irgayn. Tawalit ad ad nttafa ula ɣ uzmzasɛdi. Sin isugam ad ittsddidn i usnml ad; amzwaru iga tAglam n Tfriqt, nna ɣ ittinni bab nnsḤasan Al Wazzan: « Rad salaɣ ɣilad tasga n Sus, lli illan ḍaṛat nWaṭlas, ɣ iffus, mnid n tmazirt nIḥaḥan, ifttun ɣ tagut zɣ yill, d itthyyun ɣ iffus ɣ umlal n tnzruft, ɣ iẓẓlmḍ llan idrarn n Waṭlas. Ɣ ugmmuḍ, ar uɣbalu n wasif n Sus, nna ɣ d tiwi tsga ad ism nns »[6]. S ma iẓlin s usagm wiss sin: Asggaz n twalit n irgayn n Aḥmad Almanṣur Addahbi, ittussann ddu yism n « Diwan n tqbilin n Sus »[7], ar gis nttafa ismawn n tqbilin tisusiyin ittussan ɣ uzmz ann. Ittusmras ism n "Sus" bac ad sis snamkn adɣar ittusnmln s isugam nna nbdr zɣ tuddma n uzmz aɛalawi ar ɣassa, ad t igan d udɣar illan ḍaṛat n Waṭlas Mqqurn ɣ iffus ar tnzruft d zɣ yill aṭlanti ar asif n Dra ɣ ugmmuḍ.
Ɣ udlis nSus Al Ɛalima n bab nnsMuḥmmad Lmuxtar Asusi, ar ittsnml Sus ɣmk ad: « [...] Ar nttɛni s Sus aylli illan gr waddarn n iffus n Drn ar tnzruft, zɣ Wad Nun d tqbilin nns Tkna d Rakaybat d wiyyaḍ ar tsgiwin n Ṭaṭa d Sktana. »[8]
Yan ccarij nna ɣ llan kigan d waman ad iskrn ɣ Sus yat zɣ tsgiwin lli akkʷ iblsn ɣ tgldit n Lmɣrib tasutin f tasutin ayad. Ittussan ɣ mad idrusn zɣ tasut tis yat d mrawt s tadlsa nns d usifḍ n sskkʷaṛ. Azmz n wurɣ n tmazirt n Sus tlla ɣ jwayh n tasut tis sa d mraw ɣ uzmz n tagldit nTaẓrwalt, tkka tt inn ɣ uzmz ann tga tmazirt n Sus yat tmazirt istaqlan s yixf nns d tstaɣlla ɣ akud ann tasbbabt n wassay aṣḥrawi n wurɣ d uznz n sskkar i isbbabn ibrṭqqizn, ihulanḍiyn d inglizn. Ammas n tsbbabt n bṛṛa ɣ akud ann ikka tt inn ɣUgadir, yat tamdint illan ɣ iggi wasif n sus s kra n 10 id kilomitr[9].
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Ar sawaln isusiyn staclḥit lli igan yattutlayt tamaziɣt illan ɣ tamazirt nlmɣrib, middn li sis isawaln ganIclḥiyn. nttat ad igan tutlayt tamaziɣt tamzwarut ɣ wuṭṭun n imssiwln d tiriwt n udɣar arakal nna tumẓ, llan uggar gr 8 ar 10 id mlyun ar sis sawaln.
Tettusawal Tclḥiyt ɣ Sus,Iḥaḥan, Lḥuz nMrrakc d kra n tsggʷin yaḍnin asn d iwalan. Tumẓ tutlayt taclḥit zɣTaṣṣurt ɣ ugafa ar Aglmim ɣ unẓul arWarzazat ɣ ugmuḍ. Mac ar tin ntafa tlla ula ɣ timdinin mqqurnin nlmɣrib zun dTigmmi Tumlilt, dRṛbaṭ dSla.
Tkattin taclḥit ar tt taran s uskkil aɛrab nɣd alatini, ilin tugt n arratn s tclḥit s uskkil aɛrab. Ɣ isggʷasn ad ggʷranin isfɣusinag agldan n tussna tamaziɣt anaw amaynu ntifinaɣ ar as tininNeo-Tifinaɣ ntat ɣila as tt taran willi as ssnin. Mqqar twuri lli d iskr usinag agldan, agmmay alatini d waɛrab ad akk iggutn slawan ɣ lWib d wantirnit.
Taclḥit kcmn tt iwaliwn ntaɛrabt mac nttat ad igan tutlayt tamaziɣt nna idrus is as kcmt iwaliwn iɛrabn, urd zun dtaqbaylit dtarifit d tutlayin timaziɣin yaḍnin ..., nẓḍar ad nini mas d nttat ad igan tutlayt tamaziɣt nna akkʷ iṭṭafn uṭṭun imqqurn n iwaliwn iẓuran ɣ tmaziɣt, zun d amdya d izwiln nna illan sul ɣ wawal aclḥi ar ɣassa. Ɣayn ad yujjantutlayin timaziɣin yaḍnin atn usin zɣ taclḥit afad ad tn skcmn s wawal nsn.
Ayt sus gan yan ugdud zɣ igdudniclḥiynimaziɣn[10].
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