Ablkim, amagut nns iga iblkimn (STnglizt: Atom, sTaɛrabt: الذرّة) tga tifrdit tadasilant nTmtta, taɣawsa nna aɣ d issutuln hati tettyawskar s iblkimn, turrut nns ar tjgugul gr 0,1 ar ,0,5 Nanumitr. Kra iga tt ablkim iga arawsan ɣwaggʷa nns, llan gis sin ifrdas: yan uɣʷrmi umnig ibḍan s ibṛuṭunn d inuṭṛunn, ittln s wilikṭṛunn uzdirn d ar fllas skarn ma irwasn yan umdlu alikṭṛuni, ɣwid ar ttddun s yat tiymmar (zzrbt) ur ikcimn ixf, d tiymmar-ad ad issfrun maxx aylliɣ ar ittgga ublkim wan (zun d) yat tazzit ilumman.
Ablkim
Illa ukan ma issirwisn ablkim sungraw anafuk ig gis uɣʷrmitafukt, gnn gis wilikṭṛunn imtiwgn da fllas ttbirign, mqqar hati ur kullu tɣʷẓan tannayt-ad, acku s umgal n imtiwgn, ilikṭṛunn ur ar ttḍafṛn yan uɣaras inmn.
Ablkim akkʷ imẓẓiyn d wad akkʷ ifssusn iga t Uhiḍṛujin, d uɣʷrmi nns ur gis illi amr yan ubṛuṭun d ḥtta kra n unuṭṛun.
Irfsan ikimawiyn n akkʷ iblkimn ar ttbddadn f unmala alikṭṛuni nnsn ilmma f wuṭṭun n ibṛuṭunn lli ttamunn.
Ablkim llan gis kṛaḍ imssilitn: ibṛuṭunn (aggʷa umnig) d inuṭṛunn (id war aggʷa) d wilikṭṛunn (aggʷa uzdir)
Ar azmz ad ttyawssann 118 n iblkimn naḥyanin, nmalan akkʷ ɣ yat tflwit ar as ttinin "Tiflwit Tazmzant n ifrdisn".
Abdar akkʷ aqbur n iblkimn ar d ittaḍu s yan uflsaf ahndawi ism as "Kanad" (600 izwarn tlalit), yurda is llan kra n irctuyn ur ar ttyawmnadn issaɣ asn ism n "Anu", yiwi d daɣ uflsaf Agriki Dimukrit (400 qbl tlalit) awal f tilit n takka-ad lli mi iɣra nttan s "Aṭumuṣ".
Ɣ tasut tis 18, iskr umassan akimyan Djun Ḍaltun yan uzurt da ibiddn f kra n isfka isirimn, azurt-ad yiws bahra ɣ tukza n irfsan n ublkim.
Astal n uɣʷrmi ingadda nit d mnck ad iẓẓay ublkim, acku ntta issurf bahra win wilikṭṛunn, ad yili ɣ ugayyu is d yan unuṭṛun hlli ingadda ɣ ustal nns d 1839 n wilikṭṛunn.
Aɣʷrmi ittyawskar s yan wuṭṭun n yibṛuṭunn d yinuṭṛunn, kra iga tt abṛuṭun ar d ittasi yan waggʷa umnig, imil inuṭṛunn gan id war aggʷa (ur carjin s yat). sul hati aɣd nttni s iguyya nnsn ttyawskarn s kra n irctuyn mẓẓiyn akkʷ ɣwilli mi ttininikwarkn , kuyan llan gis kṛaḍ n ikwarkn.
Aɣʷrmi n ublkim, ibḍa s ibṛuṭunn d inuṭṛunn
Uṭṭun n ibṛuṭunn da ittamu yan uɣʷrmi ablkam ar iglliafrdis akimyan, ar ittettyara s uskkil nZ ssaɣn as ism n "Wuṭṭun Ablkam".
Ibṛuṭunn d inuṭṛunn mẓẓin 100.000 n tklit f ublɣ n ublkim.
Ur d zun d ibṛuṭunn d inuṭṛunn, ɣwid ur darsn llanikwaṛkn , aggʷa umnig n ibṛuṭunn ar d ittawk s dars aggʷa uzdir n wilikṭṛunn ɣayann ad tn isɣaman ɣ wagʷns n ublkim, macc ṭṭafn waxxa ɣik ann yat tfasa da asn yakkan taẓẓiḍṛa ad nzin anzaɣ n uɣʷrmi.
Ukan, kra s ar tettmɣur tfasa n walikṭṛun kra s ar ittaggug ntta f uɣʷrmi. S ɣik ad, ilikṭṛunn nmalan ɣ tfririn, d ɣaylli tnt isnaḥyan iga t mnck a s mgalant d uɣʷrmi, Ilikṭṛunn lli dar tlla yat tfasa idrusn llan ɣ tfrirt d yaẓn uggar i uɣʷrmi f ɣwilli ṭṭafnin yat tfasa mqqurn.
Tifrirt nna illan izdi as yan ism, xtalli akkʷ yakmurn i uɣʷrmi izdi as uskkil n "K", ilmma "L" fad s "M", "N", "O", "P", d kra iga tt tifrirt ur ar ttamu amr yan wuṭṭun ittyawglayn n wilikṭṛunn, s umdya, tifrirt izwarn K ur tufi ad tamu uggar n sin wilikṭṛunn. tifrirt tis snat L illa dars ad tamu tam, tis kṛaḍt M ar tettamu 18, imk d imk..
