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Language Options

Here's a short explanation ofthe configuration directives.

short_open_tagbool

Tells PHP whether the short form (<? ?>) of PHP's open tag should be allowed. If you want to use PHP in combination with XML, you can disable this option in order to use<?xml ?> inline. Otherwise, you can print it with PHP, for example:<?php echo '<?xml version="1.0"?>'; ?>. Also, if disabled, you must use the long form of the PHP open tag (<?php ?>).

Note:

This directive does not affect the shorthand<?=, which is always available.

precisionint

The number of significant digits displayed in floating point numbers.-1 means that an enhanced algorithm for rounding such numbers will be used.

serialize_precisionint

The number of significant digits stored while serializing floating point numbers.-1 means that an enhanced algorithm for rounding such numbers will be used.

expose_phpbool

Exposes to the world that PHP is installed on the server, which includes the PHP version within the HTTP header (e.g., X-Powered-By: PHP/5.3.7).

disable_functionsstring

This directive allows certain functions to be disabled. It takes a comma-delimited list of function names. As of PHP 8.0.0, disabling a function removes its definition, allowing userland to redefine it. Prior to PHP 8.0.0, disabling a function just prevented the function from being invoked. Onlyinternal functions can be disabled using this directive.User-defined functions are unaffected. This directive must be set inphp.ini. It cannot be set inhttpd.conf.

disable_classesstring

This directive allows certain classes to be disabled. It takes a comma-delimited list of class names. Disabling a class just prevents the class's instantiation.

Only internal classes can be disabled using this directive. User-defined classes are unaffected.

This directive must be set inphp.ini. It cannot be set inhttpd.conf.

zend.assertionsint

When set to1, assertion code will be generated and executed (development mode). When set to0, assertion code will be generated but it will be skipped (not executed) at runtime. When set to-1, assertion code will not be generated, making the assertions zero-cost (production mode).

Note:

If a process is started in production mode,zend.assertions cannot be changed at runtime, since the code for assertions was not generated.

If a process is started in development mode,zend.assertions cannot be set to-1 at runtime.

zend.exception_string_param_max_lenint

The maximum length of string function arguments in stringified stack traces. Must range between"0" and"1000000".

hard_timeoutint

When the timeout set inmax_execution_time has been hit, the PHP runtime will tear down resources gracefully. If something gets stuck while this happens, the hard timeout will tick for the set amount of seconds. When the hard timeout is hit, PHP will exit ungracefully. When set to 0, the hard timeout will never activate.

When PHP stops from a hard timeout, it will look something like this:

Fatal error: Maximum execution time of 30+2 seconds exceeded (terminated) in Unknown on line 0

zend.exception_ignore_argsbool

Excludes arguments from stack traces generated from exceptions.

zend.multibytebool

Enables parsing of source files in multibyte encodings. Enabling zend.multibyte is required to use character encodings like SJIS, BIG5, etc that contain special characters in multibyte string data. ISO-8859-1 compatible encodings like UTF-8, EUC, etc do not require this option.

Enabling zend.multibyte requires the mbstring extension to be available.

zend.script_encodingstring

This value will be used unless adeclare(encoding=...) directive appears at the top of the script. When ISO-8859-1 incompatible encoding is used, both zend.multibyte and zend.script_encoding must be used.

Literal strings will be transliterated from zend.script_encoding to mbstring.internal_encoding, as ifmb_convert_encoding() would have been called.

zend.detect_unicodebool

Check for BOM (Byte Order Mark) and see if the file contains valid multibyte characters. This detection is performed before processing of__halt_compiler(). Available only in Zend Multibyte mode.

zend.signal_checkbool

To check for replaced signal handlers on shutdown.

exit_on_timeoutbool

This is an Apache1 mod_php-only directive that forces an Apache child to exit if a PHP execution timeout occurred. Such a timeout causes an internal longjmp() call in Apache1 which can leave some extensions in an inconsistent state. By terminating the process any outstanding locks or memory will be cleaned up.

Resource Limits

Here's a short explanation ofthe configuration directives.

memory_limitint

This sets the maximum amount of memory in bytes that a script is allowed to allocate. This helps prevent poorly written scripts for eating up all available memory on a server. Note that to have no memory limit, set this directive to-1.

When anint is used, thevalue is measured in bytes. Shorthand notation, as describedinthis FAQ, may also be used.

See also:max_execution_time.

Performance Tuning

Note:

Usingopen_basedir willdisable the realpath cache.

Here's a short explanation ofthe configuration directives.

realpath_cache_sizeint

Determines the size of the realpath cache to be used by PHP. This value should be increased on systems where PHP opens many files, to reflect the quantity of the file operations performed.

The size represents the total number of bytes in the path strings stored, plus the size of the data associated with the cache entry. This means that in order to store longer paths in the cache, the cache size must be larger. This value does not directly control the number of distinct paths that can be cached.

The size required for the cache entry data is system dependent.

realpath_cache_ttlint

Duration of time (in seconds) for which to cache realpath information for a given file or directory. For systems with rarely changing files, consider increasing the value.

Data Handling

Here's a short explanation ofthe configuration directives.

arg_separator.outputstring

The separator used in PHP generated URLs to separate arguments.

arg_separator.inputstring

List of separator(s) used by PHP to parse input URLs into variables.

Note:

Every character in this directive is considered as separator!

variables_orderstring

Sets the order of the EGPCS (Environment,Get,Post,Cookie, andServer) variable parsing. For example, if variables_order is set to"SP" then PHP will create thesuperglobals$_SERVER and$_POST, but not create$_ENV,$_GET, and$_COOKIE. Setting to "" means nosuperglobals will be set.

Warning

In both the CGI and FastCGI SAPIs,$_SERVER is also populated by values from the environment;S is always equivalent toES regardless of the placement ofE elsewhere in this directive.

Note:

The content and order of$_REQUEST is also affected by this directive.

request_orderstring

This directive describes the order in which PHP registers GET, POST and Cookie variables into the _REQUEST array. Registration is done from left to right, newer values override older values.

If this directive is not set,variables_order is used for$_REQUEST contents.

Note that the default distributionphp.ini files does not contain the'C' for cookies, due to security concerns.

auto_globals_jitbool

When enabled, the SERVER, REQUEST, and ENV variables are created when they're first used (Just In Time) instead of when the script starts. If these variables are not used within a script, having this directive on will result in a performance gain.

Warning

Usage of SERVER, REQUEST, and ENV variables is checked during the compile time so using them through e.g.variable variables will not cause their initialization.

register_argc_argvbool

Tells PHP whether to declare the argv & argc variables (that would contain the GET information). See alsocommand line.

enable_post_data_readingbool

Disabling this option causes$_POST and$_FILESnot to be populated. The only way to read postdata will then be through thephp://input stream wrapper. This can be useful to proxy requests or to process the POST data in a memory efficient fashion.

post_max_sizeint

Sets max size of post data allowed. This setting also affects file upload. To upload large files, this value must be larger thanupload_max_filesize. Generally speaking,memory_limit should be larger thanpost_max_size.When anint is used, thevalue is measured in bytes. Shorthand notation, as describedinthis FAQ, may also be used. If the size of post data is greater than post_max_size, the$_POST and$_FILESsuperglobals are empty. This can be tracked in various ways, e.g. by passing the$_GET variable to the script processing the data, i.e.<form action="edit.php?processed=1">, and then checking if$_GET['processed'] is set.

Note:

PHP allows shortcuts for byte values, including K (kilo), M (mega) and G (giga). PHP will do the conversions automatically if you use any of these. Be careful not to exceed the 32 bit signed integer limit (if you're using 32bit versions) as it will cause your script to fail.

Changelog forpost_max_size

Version	Description
5.3.4	post_max_size = 0 will not disable the limit when the content type is application/x-www-form-urlencoded or is not registered with PHP.
5.3.2 , 5.2.12	Allow unlimited post size by settingpost_max_size to 0.

auto_prepend_filestring

Specifies the name of a file that is automatically parsed before the main file. The file is included as if it was called with therequire function, soinclude_path is used.

The special valuenone disables auto-prepending.

auto_append_filestring

Specifies the name of a file that is automatically parsed after the main file. The file is included as if it was called with therequire function, soinclude_path is used.

The special valuenone disables auto-appending.

Note: If the script is terminated withexit(), auto-append willnot occur.

default_mimetypestring

By default, PHP will output a media type using the Content-Type header. To disable this, simply set it to be empty.

PHP's built-in default media type is set to text/html.

default_charsetstring

"UTF-8" is the default value and its value is used as the default character encoding forhtmlentities(),html_entity_decode() andhtmlspecialchars() if theencoding parameter is omitted. The value ofdefault_charset will also be used to set the default character set foriconv functions if theiconv.input_encoding,iconv.output_encoding andiconv.internal_encoding configuration options are unset, and formbstring functions if thembstring.http_inputmbstring.http_outputmbstring.internal_encoding configuration option is unset.

All versions of PHP will use this value as the charset within the default Content-Type header sent by PHP if the header isn't overridden by a call toheader().

Settingdefault_charset to an empty value is not recommended.

input_encodingstring

This setting is used for multibyte modules such as mbstring and iconv. Default is empty.

output_encodingstring

This setting is used for multibyte modules such as mbstring and iconv. Default is empty.

internal_encodingstring

This setting is used for multibyte modules such as mbstring and iconv. Default is empty. If empty,default_charset is used.

Paths and Directories

Here's a short explanation ofthe configuration directives.

include_pathstring

Specifies a list of directories where therequire,include,fopen(),file(),readfile() andfile_get_contents() functions look for files. The format is like the system'sPATH environment variable: a list of directories separated with a colon in Unix or semicolon in Windows.

PHP considers each entry in the include path separately when looking for files to include. It will check the first path, and if it doesn't find it, check the next path, until it either locates the included file or returns with anE_WARNING or anE_ERROR. You may modify or set your include path at runtime usingset_include_path().

Example #1 Unix include_path

include_path=".:/php/includes"

Example #2 Windows include_path

include_path=".;c:\php\includes"

Using a. in the include path allows for relative includes as it means the current directory. However, it is more efficient to explicitly useinclude './file' than having PHP always check the current directory for every include.

Note:

ENV variables are also accessible in .ini files. As such it is possible to reference the home directory using${LOGIN} and${USER}.

Environment variables may vary between Server APIs as those environments may be different.

Example #3 Unix include_path using ${USER} env variable

include_path = ".:${USER}/pear/php"

open_basedirstring

Limit the files that can be accessed by PHP to the specified directory-tree, including the file itself.

When a script tries to access the filesystem, for example usinginclude, orfopen(), the location of the file is checked. When the file is outside the specified directory-tree, PHP will refuse to access it. All symbolic links are resolved, so it's not possible to avoid this restriction with a symlink. If the file doesn't exist then the symlink couldn't be resolved and the filename is compared to (a resolved)open_basedir.

open_basedir can affect more than just filesystem functions; for example ifMySQL is configured to usemysqlnd drivers,LOAD DATA INFILE will be affected byopen_basedir. Much of the extended functionality of PHP usesopen_basedir in this way.

The special value. indicates that the working directory of the script will be used as the base-directory. This is, however, a little dangerous as the working directory of the script can easily be changed withchdir().

Inhttpd.conf,open_basedir can be turned off (e.g. for some virtual hosts)the same way as any other configuration directive with "php_admin_value open_basedir none".

Under Windows, separate the directories with a semicolon. On all other systems, separate the directories with a colon. As an Apache module,open_basedir paths from parent directories are now automatically inherited.

The restriction specified withopen_basedir is a directory name, not a prefix.

The default is to allow all files to be opened.

Note: open_basedir can be tightened at run-time. This means that if open_basedir is set to/www/ inphp.ini a script can tighten the configuration to/www/tmp/ at run-time withini_set(). When listing several directories, you can use thePATH_SEPARATOR constant as a separator regardless of the operating system. As of PHP 8.3.0,open_basedir no longer accepts a paths containing the parent directory (..) when set at runtime usingini_set().

Note:

Using open_basedir will setrealpath_cache_size to0 and thusdisable the realpath cache.

Caution

open_basedir is just an extra safety net, that is in no way comprehensive, and can therefore not be relied upon when security is needed.

doc_rootstring

PHP's "root directory" on the server. Only used if non-empty. If PHP was not compiled with FORCE_REDIRECT, youshould set doc_root if you are running PHP as a CGI under any web server (other than IIS). The alternative is to use the cgi.force_redirect configuration below.

user_ini.cache_ttlint

user_ini.filenamestring

user_dirstring

The base name of the directory used on a user's home directory for PHP files, for examplepublic_html.

extension_dirstring

In what directory PHP should look for dynamically loadable extensions. It is recommended to specify an absolute path. See also:enable_dl, anddl().

extensionstring

Which dynamically loadable extensions to load when PHP starts up.

zend_extensionstring

Name of dynamically loadable Zend extension (for example XDebug) to load when PHP starts up.

cgi.check_shebang_linebool

Controls whetherCGI PHP checks for line starting with#! (shebang) at the top of the running script. This line might be needed if the script support running both as stand-alone script and via PHPCGI. PHP inCGI mode skips this line and ignores its content if this directive is turned on.

cgi.discard_pathbool

If this is enabled, the PHP CGI binary can safely be placed outside of the web tree and people will not be able to circumvent .htaccess security.

cgi.fix_pathinfobool

ProvidesrealPATH_INFO/PATH_TRANSLATED support forCGI. PHP's previous behaviour was to setPATH_TRANSLATED toSCRIPT_FILENAME, and to not grok what PATH_INFO is. For more information onPATH_INFO, see theCGI specs. Setting this to1 will cause PHPCGI to fix its paths to conform to the spec. A setting of zero causes PHP to behave as before. It is turned on by default. You should fix your scripts to useSCRIPT_FILENAME rather thanPATH_TRANSLATED.

cgi.force_redirectbool

cgi.force_redirect is necessary to provide security running PHP as aCGI under most web servers. Left undefined, PHP turns this on by default. You can turn it offat your own risk.

Note:

Windows Users: When using IIS this optionmust be turned off. For OmniHTTPD or Xitami the same applies.

cgi.nphbool

If cgi.nph is enabled it will force cgi to always sent Status: 200 with every request.

cgi.redirect_status_envstring

If cgi.force_redirect is turned on, and you are not running under Apache or Netscape (iPlanet) web servers, youmay need to set an environment variable name that PHP will look for to know it is OK to continue execution.

Note:

Setting this variablemay cause security issues,know what you are doing first.

cgi.rfc2616_headersbool

Tells PHP what type of headers to use when sending HTTP response code. If it is disabled, PHP sends a» RFC 3875 "Status:" header that is supported by Apache and other web servers. When this option is enabled, PHP will send» RFC 2616 compliant headers.

If this option is enabled, and you are running PHP in a CGI environment (e.g. PHP-FPM) you should not use standard RFC 2616 style HTTP status response headers, you should instead use their RFC 3875 equivalent e.g. instead of header("HTTP/1.0 404 Not found"); you should use header("Status: 404 Not Found");

Leave it disabled unless you know what you're doing.

fastcgi.impersonatebool

FastCGI under IIS (on WINNT based OS) supports the ability to impersonate security tokens of the calling client. This allows IIS to define the security context that the request runs under. mod_fastcgi under Apache does not currently support this feature (03/17/2002) Enable if running under IIS. Default is disabled.

fastcgi.loggingbool

Turns on SAPI logging when using FastCGI. Default is to enable logging.

File Uploads

Here's a short explanation ofthe configuration directives.

file_uploadsbool

Whether or not to allow HTTPfile uploads. See also theupload_max_filesize,upload_tmp_dir, andpost_max_size directives.

upload_tmp_dirstring

The temporary directory used for storing files when doing file upload. Must be writable by whatever user PHP is running as. If not specified PHP will use the system's default.

If the directory specified here is not writable, PHP falls back to the system default temporary directory. Ifopen_basedir is on, then the system default directory must be allowed for an upload to succeed.

upload_max_filesizeint

The maximum size of an uploaded file.

post_max_size must be larger than this value.

When anint is used, thevalue is measured in bytes. Shorthand notation, as describedinthis FAQ, may also be used.

max_file_uploadsint

The maximum number of files allowed to be uploaded simultaneously. Upload fields left blank on submission do not count towards this limit.

General SQL

Here's a short explanation ofthe configuration directives.

sql.safe_modebool

If turned on, database connection functions that specify default values will use those values in place of any user-supplied arguments. For details on the default values, see the documentation for the relevant connection functions.

Warning

This feature has beenREMOVED as of PHP 7.2.0.

Windows Specific

Here's a short explanation ofthe configuration directives.

windows.show_crt_warningbool

This directive shows the Windows CRT warnings when enabled.