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Vertebrate

Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge

Vertebrates
Temporal range:
CambrianPresent,[1]
Individual organisms frae ilka main vertebrate group. Clockwise, stairtin frae tap left:

Fire Salamander,Saltwatter Crocodile,Soothren Cassowary,Black-an-rufous Giant Elephant Shrew,Ocean Sunfish

Scientific classificatione
Kinrick:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Clade:Olfactores
Subphylum:Vertebrata
Cuvier, 1812
Simplified groopin (see text)

Vertebrates (/ˈvɛrtɘbrets/) isainimals that is members o thesubphylumVertebrata/-ɑː/ (chordates wirigbanes). Vertebrates include the owerwhelmin majority o thephylumChordata, wi aboot 64,000species descreivit the nou.[2] Vertebrates include thejawless fish,bane fish,sharks anrays,amphibians,reptiles,mammals, anbirds.Extant vertebrates range in size frae thefrog speciesPaedophryne amauensis, at as wee as 7.7 mm (0.3 inch), tae theblue whaul, at up tae 33 m (110 ft). Vertebrates mak up aboot 4% o aw descreivit ainimal species; the rest isinvertebrates, that lack rigbanes.

The vertebrates tradeetionally include thehagfish, that dinnae hae proper vertebrae, tho thair closest livin relatives, thelampreys, dae hae vertebrae.[3] Hagfish dae, houiver, possess acranium. For this raison, the vertebrate subphylum is whiles referred tae as "Craniata" whan discussin morphologie. Molecular analysis syne 1992 haes suggestit that the hagfish is maist closely relatit tae lampreys,[4] an sae vertebrates is in amonophyletic sense. Ithers consider them a sister group o vertebrates in the common taxon o Craniata.[5]

References

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  1. Shu; et al. (4 November 1999)."Lower Cambrian vertebrates from south China".Nature.402 (6757): 42–46.Bibcode:1999Natur.402...42S.doi:10.1038/46965.Cite uses deprecated parameter|displayauthors= (help)
  2. Jonathan E.M. Baillie; et al. (2004)."A Global Species Assessment". World Conservation Union. Archived fraethe original on 9 Mairch 2014. Retrieved12 Julie 2013.Explicit use of et al. in:|author= (help)
  3. Kuraku; Hoshiyama, D; Katoh, K; Suga, H; Miyata, T; et al. (December 1999)."Monophyly of Lampreys and Hagfishes Supported by Nuclear DNA–Coded Genes".Journal of Molecular Evolution.49 (6): 729–35.doi:10.1007/PL00006595.PMID 10594174.Explicit use of et al. in:|author= (help)
  4. Stock, David (7)."Evidence from 18S ribosomal RNA sequences that lampreys and hagfish form a natural group".Science.257 (5071): 787–9.Bibcode:1992Sci...257..787S.doi:10.1126/science.1496398.PMID 1496398. Retrieved22 November 2011.Unknown parameter|month= ignored (help);Unknown parameter|coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help);Check date values in:|date= and|year= / |date= mismatch (help)
  5. Nicholls, Henry (10 September 2009)."Mouth to Mouth".Nature.461 (7261): 164–166.doi:10.1038/461164a.PMID 19741680.

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