The "Scots" that wis uised in this airticle wis written bi a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid. Pleasemak this airticle mair better gin ye can.(Januar 2021)
^ Inglish is theoffeecial leid o at least 28 states; some soorces gie heicher figurs, based on differin defineetions o "offeecial".[9] Inglish anHawaiian are baith offeecial leids in the state oHawaii.
^ Whether the Unitit States orCheenae is lairger haes beendisputit. The figur gien is frae the U.S.Central Intelligence Agency'sThe Warld Factbeuk. Ither soorces gie smawer figurs. Aw authoritative calculations o the kintra's size include anly the 50 states an the Destrict o Columbia, nae theterritories.
^ The population estimate is o fowk whose uisual residence is within the 50 states an the Destrict o Columbia, regardless o naitionality. It daes nae include those livin in the territories (ower 4million fowk, maistly inPuerto Rico).
TheUnitit States o Americae (Inglis:United States of America,USA), commonly referred tae as theUnitit States (Inglis:United States,US,U.S.) orAmericae (Inglis:America), is aconstitutionalfederal republic componed o 50federatit states, the federal destrictWashington D.C., five main sel-govrening territories, an ither possessions.[fn 1]Forty-aicht o the fifty states an the federal destrict border each ither an locatit inNorth Americae atweenCanadae anMexico. Thestate o Alaska is in the northwast neuk o North Americae, bordered bi Canadae tae the east an athort theBering Strait fraeRoushie tae the wast. Thestate o Hawaii is anairchipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered aboot the Paceefic Ocean an theCaribbean Sea. Nine time zones are covered. The geografie, climate an wildlife o the kintra are extremely diverse.[11]
The Unitit States gaed on a vigorous expansion athort North Americae throuoot the 19t century,[20] displacin American Indian tribes, acquirin new territories, an gradually admittin new states till it spanned the continent in 1848.[20] During the seicont hauf o the 19t century, theAmerican Ceevil War led tae the end o legal slavery in the kintra.[21][22] Bi the end o that century, the Unitit States extendit intae the Pacific Ocean,[23] an its economy, driven in muckle pairt bi theIndustrial Revolution, began tae growe a lot.[24] TheSpaingie–American War anWarld War I confirmed the kintra's status as a global militar pouer. The Unitit States emerged fraeWarld War II as a globalsuperpouer, the first kintra tae develop nuclear wappens, the anly kintra taeuise them in warfare, an a permanent member o theUnitit Naitions Security Cooncil. It is a foondin member o theOrganisation o American States (OAS) an various itherPan-American an internaitional organisations. The end o theCauld War an theend o the Soviet Union in 1991 left the Unitit States as the warld's sole superpouer.[25]
The Unitit States is a heichly developed kintra, wi the warld's mucklesteconomy bi nominal GDP. It ranks heichly in several meisurs o socioeconomic performance, includin average wage,[26]human development, per capita GDP, an productivity per person.[27] While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial, chairacterised bi the dominance oservices an knawledge economy, the manufacturin sector remains the seicont-mucklest in the warld.[28] Tho its population is anly 4.3% o the warld tot,[29] the Unitit States accoonts for nearly a quarter o warld GDP[30] an ower a third o global militar spendin,[31] makkin it the warld's foremaist economic anmilitar pouer. The Unitit States is a prominent poleetical an cultural force internaitionally, an a leader in scienteefic resairch an technological innovations.[32]
Differences o opinion an social order atween northren an soothern states in early Unitit States society, pairteecularly regairdin Black sclavery, ultimately led tae the American Ceevil War.[33] Follaein the Union victory in 1865, three amendments war addit tae the U.S. Constitution: theThirteent Amendment prohibitit sclavery, theFowerteent Amendment providit ceetizenship tae the nearly fower millionAfrican Americans wha haed been sclaves,[34] an theFifteent Amendment ensured that thay haed the richt tae vote.
The Unitit States remained neutral frae the ootbreak oWarld War I, in 1914, till 1917 whan it jyned the war as an "associatit pouer", alangside the formalAllies o Warld War I, helpin tae turn the tide against theCentral Pouers. In 1920, the weemen's richts muivement wan passage o a constitutional amendment grantin weemen's suffrage.[35] The 1920s an 1930s saw the rise oradio for mass communication an the invention o earlyteleveesion.[36] The prosperity o the Roaring Twenties endit wi theWall Street Crash o 1929 an the onset o theGreat Depression. Efter his election as preses in 1932,Franklin D. Roosevelt respondit wi theNew Deal, whit included the establishment o theSocial Security seestem.[37] At first effectively neutral duringWarld War II while Germany conquered much o continental Europe, the Unitit States began supplyin material tae theAllies in Mairch 1941 throu the Lend-Lease programme. On December 7, 1941, theEmpire o Japan launched a surpriseattack on Pearl Harbor, promptin the Unitit States tae jyn the Allies against theAxis pouers.[38] The Unitit States developed thefirst nuclear wappens an uised them on Japanin the ceeties o Hiroshima an Nagasaki; causin the Japanese tae surrender on September 2, endin Warld War II.[39][40]
The laund aurie o thecontiguous Unitit States is2,959,064 square mile (7,663,940.6km2). Alaska, separatit frae the contiguous Unitit States bi Canadae, is the mucklest state at663,268 square mile (1,717,856.2km2).Hawaii, occupyin an airchipelago in the centralPaceefic, soothwast o North Americae, is10,931 square mile (28,311km2) in aurie. The populatit territories oPuerto Rico,American Samoa,Guam,Northren Mariana Islands, anU.S. Virgin Islands thegither civer9,185 square mile (23,789km2).[53]
The Unitit States, wi its muckle size an geografic variety, includes maist climate teepes. Tae the east o the 100t meridian, the climate ranges frae humid continental in the north tae humid subtropical in the sooth.[54] The Great Plains wast o the 100t meridian are semi-arid. Much o the Wastren moontains hae an alpine climate. The climate is arid in the Great Basin, desert in the Soothwast,Mediterranean in coastal Californie, anoceanic in coastalOregon anWashington an soothren Alaska. Maist o Alaska is subarctic or polar. Hawaii an the soothren tip oFlorida are tropical, as are the populatit territories in the Caribbean an the Paceefic.[55]
The U.S. ecology is megadiverse: aboot 17,000 species ovascular plants occur in the contiguous Unitit States an Alaska, an ower 1,800 species o flouering plants are foond in Hawaii, few o whit occur on the mainland.[56] The Unitit States is hame tae 428 mammal species, 784 bird species, 311 reptile species, an 295 amphibian species.[57] Aboot 91,000 insect species hae been describit.[58] Thebauld eagle is baith the naitional bird an naitional ainimal o the Unitit States, an is an endurin seembol o the kintra itsel.[59]
The Unitit States is hame taemony culturs an a wide variety o ethnic groups, tradeetions, an values.[17][60] Aside frae theHamespun American,Hamespun Hawaiian, anHamespun Alaskan populations, nearly aw Americans or thair ancestors settled or emigratit within the past five centuries.[61] Mainstream American cultur is a Wastren cultur mucklely derived frae the tradeetions o European emigrants wi influences frae mony ither soorces, sic as tradeetions brocht bi slaves frae Africae.[17][62]
Mainstream American cuisine is seemilar tae that in ither Wastren kintras. Chairactereestic dishes sic as aiple pie, fried chicken, pizza, hamburgers, an het dogs derive frae the recipes o various emigrants. French fries,Mexican dishes sic as burritos an tacos, an pasta dishes freely adaptit frae Italian soorces are widely consumed.[63] Americans drink three times as much coffee as tea.[64] Mercatin bi U.S. industries is mucklely responsible for makkin orange juice an milk ubiquitous breakfast beverages.[65][66]
Hollywood, a northren destrict oLos Angeles, Californie, is ane o the leaders in motion pictur production.[67] Syne the early 20t century, the U.S. film industry haes mucklely been based in an aroond Hollywood, awtho in the 21st century an increasin nummer o films are nae made thare, an film companies hae been subject tae the forces o globalisation.[68]
↑The follaein twa primary soorces (non-mirrored) represent the range (min./max.) o tot aurie for Cheenae an the Unitit States.Baith soorcesexclude Taiwan frae the aurie o Cheenae.
The Encyclopædia Britannica lets Cheenae as warld's third-lairgest kintra (efter Roushie an Canadae) wi a tot aurie o 9,572,900 sq km,[13]an the Unitit States as fowert-lairgest at 9,526,468 sq km. The figur for the Unitit States is less nor in the CIA Factbook acause itexcludes coastal an territorial watters.[14]
The CIA World Factbook leets the Unitit States as the third-lairgest kintra (efter Roushie an Canadae) wi tot aurie o 9,833,517 sq km,[15] an Cheenae as fowert-lairgest at 9,596,960 sq km.[16] This figur for the Unitit States is greater nor in the Encyclopædia Britannica acause itincludes coastal an territorial watters.
↑"United States".The World Factbook. CIA. September 30, 2009. Archived fraethe original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved January 5, 2010 (area given in square kilometers).Check date values in:|accessdate= (help)
↑"1860 Census"(PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved10 Juin 2007. Page 7 leets a tot sclave population o 3,953,760.
↑Voris, Jacqueline Van (1996).Carrie Chapman Catt: A Public Life. Women and Peace Series. New York City: Feminist Press at CUNY. p.vii.ISBN1-55861-139-8.Carrie Chapmann Catt led an army of voteless women in 1919 to pressure Congress to pass the constitutional amendment giving them the right to vote and convinced state legislatures to ratify it in 1920.... Catt was one of the best-known women in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century and was on all lists of famous American women.
↑Thompson, William; Hickey, Joseph (2005).Society in Focus. Boston: Pearson.ISBN 0-205-41365-X.
↑Fiorina, Morris P.; Peterson, Paul E. (2000).The New American Democracy. London: Longman, p. 97.ISBN 0-321-07058-5.
↑Holloway, Joseph E. (2005).Africanisms in American Culture, 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 18–38.ISBN 0-253-34479-4. Johnson, Fern L. (1999).Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States. Thousand Oaks, Calif., London, and New Delhi: Sage, p. 116.ISBN 0-8039-5912-5.
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