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Seelicon

Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge
(Reguidit fraeSilicon)
Silicon, 14Si
Silicon
Pronunciation/ˈsɪlɪkən/ (SIL-ik-ən)
Appearancecrystalline, reflective wi bluish-tinged faces
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Si)[7001280840000000000♠28.0847001280860000000000♠28.086] conventional: 7001280850000000000♠28.085
Silicon in theperiodic cairt
HydrogenHelium
LithiumBerylliumBoronCarbonNitrogenOxygenFluorineNeon
SodiumMagnesiumAluminiumSiliconPhosphorusSulfurChlorineArgon
PotassiumCalciumScandiumTitaniumVanadiumChromiumManganeseAirnCobaltNickelCapperZincGalliumGermaniumArsenicSeleniumBromineKrypton
RubidiumStrontiumYttriumZirconiumNiobiumMolybdenumTechnetiumRutheniumRhodiumPalladiumSiller (element)CadmiumIndiumTinAntimonyTelluriumIodineXenon
CaesiumBariumLanthanumCeriumPraseodymiumNeodymiumPromethiumSamariumEuropiumGadoliniumTerbiumDysprosiumHolmiumErbiumThuliumYtterbiumLutetiumHafniumTantalumTungstenRheniumOsmiumIridiumPlatinumGowdMercur (element)ThalliumLeid (element)BismuthPoloniumAstatineRadon
FranciumRadiumActiniumThoriumProtactiniumUraniumNeptuniumPlutoniumAmericiumCuriumBerkeliumCaliforniumEinsteiniumFermiumMendeleviumNobeliumLawrenciumRutherfordiumDubniumSeaborgiumBohriumHassiumMeitneriumDarmstadtiumRoentgeniumCoperniciumUnuntriumFleroviumUnunpentiumLivermoriumUnunseptiumUnunoctium
C

Si

Ge
aluminiumsiliconphosphorus
Atomic nummer(Z)14
Groupgroup 14 (caurbon group)
Periodperiod 3
Blockp-block
Element category Metalloid
Electron confeeguration[Ne] 3s2 3p2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 4
Pheesical properties
Phaseat STPsolit
Meltin pynt1687 K ​(1414 °C, ​2577 °F)
Bylin pynt3538 K ​(3265 °C, ​5909 °F)
Density (near r.t.)2.3290 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)2.57 g/cm3
Heat o fusion50.21 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation359 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity19.789 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)190821022339263630213537
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−4, −3, −2, −1, 0,[1] +1,[2] +2, +3,+4 (an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.90
Ionisation energies
Atomic radiusempirical: 111 pm
Covalent radius111 pm
Van der Waals radius210 pm
Colour lines in a spectral range
Colour lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines o silicon
Ither properties
Naitural occurrenceprimordial
Creestal structurdiamond cubic
Diamond cubic creestal structur for silicon
Speed o soond thin rod8433 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion2.6 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity149 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity103[3] Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderindiamagnetic[4]
Young's modulus130-188[5] GPa
Shear modulus51-80[5] GPa
Bulk modulus97.6[5] GPa
Poisson ratio0.064 - 0.28[5]
Mohs haurdness7
CAS Nummer7440-21-3
History
PredictionAntoine Lavoisier (1787)
DiskiveryJöns Jacob Berzelius[6][7] (1823)
First isolationJöns Jacob Berzelius (1823)
Named byThomas Thomson (1817)
Mainisotopes o silicon
Iso­topeAbun­danceHauf-life(t1/2)Decay modePro­duct
28Si92.23%stable
29Si4.67%stable
30Si3.1%stable
32Sitrace153 yβ32P
| references

Seelicon, atetravalentmetalloid, is achemical element wi the seembolSi anatomic nummer 14. It is less reactive nor itschemical analogcaurbon, thenonmetal directly abuin it in theperiodic table, but mair reactive norgermanium, the metalloid directly ablo it in the table. Controversy aboot seelicon's chairacter dates tae its discovery; it wis first prepared an characterized in pure furm in 1823. In 1808, it wis gien the name silicium (fraeLaitin:silex, haird stane orflint), wi an-ium wird-endin tae suggest a metal, a name which the element retains in several non-Inglis leids. Houiver, its final Inglis name, first suggestit in 1817, reflects the mair pheesically seemilar elementscarbon anboron.

References

[eedit |eedit soorce]
  1. "New Type of Zero-Valent Tin Compound".ChemistryViews. 27 August 2016.
  2. Ram, R. S.; et al. (1998)."Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD"(PDF).J. Mol. Spectr.190 (2): 341–352.doi:10.1006/jmsp.1998.7582.PMID 9668026.
  3. Physical Properties of Silicon. New Semiconductor Materials. Characteristics and Properties. Ioffe Institute
  4. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, inLide, D. R., ed. (2005).CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press.ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  5. abcd[1] Hopcroft, et al., "What is the Young's Modulus of Silicon?" IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 2010
  6. Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements: XII. Other elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: beryllium, boron, silicon, and aluminum".Journal of Chemical Education.9 (8): 1386–1412.Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1386W.doi:10.1021/ed009p1386.
  7. Voronkov, M. G. (2007). "Silicon era".Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry.80 (12): 2190.doi:10.1134/S1070427207120397.
  8. Ram, R. S.; et al. (1998)."Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD"(PDF).J. Mol. Spectr.190: 341–352.PMID 9668026.
Theperiodic cairt o the elements
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
Alkali metalsAlkaline yird metalsLanthanidesActinoidsTranseetion elementsIthermetalsMetalloidsIthernane-metalsHalogensNoble gasesUnkent chemical properties
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