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Hydrogen

Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge
Hydrogen, 1H
Purpie glow in its plasma state
Hydrogen
Appearancecolorless gas
Standard atomic weightAr, std(H)[7000100784000000000♠1.00784, 7000100811000000000♠1.00811]conventional: 7000100800000000000♠1.008
Hydrogen in theperiodic cairt
HydrogenHelium
LithiumBerylliumBoronCarbonNitrogenOxygenFluorineNeon
SodiumMagnesiumAluminiumSiliconPhosphorusSulfurChlorineArgon
PotassiumCalciumScandiumTitaniumVanadiumChromiumManganeseAirnCobaltNickelCapperZincGalliumGermaniumArsenicSeleniumBromineKrypton
RubidiumStrontiumYttriumZirconiumNiobiumMolybdenumTechnetiumRutheniumRhodiumPalladiumSiller (element)CadmiumIndiumTinAntimonyTelluriumIodineXenon
CaesiumBariumLanthanumCeriumPraseodymiumNeodymiumPromethiumSamariumEuropiumGadoliniumTerbiumDysprosiumHolmiumErbiumThuliumYtterbiumLutetiumHafniumTantalumTungstenRheniumOsmiumIridiumPlatinumGowdMercur (element)ThalliumLeid (element)BismuthPoloniumAstatineRadon
FranciumRadiumActiniumThoriumProtactiniumUraniumNeptuniumPlutoniumAmericiumCuriumBerkeliumCaliforniumEinsteiniumFermiumMendeleviumNobeliumLawrenciumRutherfordiumDubniumSeaborgiumBohriumHassiumMeitneriumDarmstadtiumRoentgeniumCoperniciumUnuntriumFleroviumUnunpentiumLivermoriumUnunseptiumUnunoctium
–
↑
H
↓
Li
– ←hydrogen →helium
Atomic nummer(Z)1
Groupgroup 1
Periodperiod 1
Blocks-block
Element category Reactive nonmetal
Electron confeeguration1s1
Electrons per shell1
Pheesical properties
Colourcolorless
Phaseat STPgas
Meltin pynt13.99 K​(−259.16 °C,​−434.49 °F)
Bylin pynt20.271 K​(−252.879 °C,​−423.182 °F)
Density(at STP)0.08988 g/L
when liquid (at m.p.)0.07 g/cm3(solit: 0.0763 g/cm3)[1]
whan liquid (at b.p.)0.07099 g/cm3
Treeple pynt13.8033 K,​7.041 kPa
Creetical pynt32.938 K, 1.2858 MPa
Heat o fusion(H2) 0.117 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation(H2) 0.904 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity(H2) 28.836 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)1520
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−1,+1 (an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.20
Ionisation energies
  • 1st: 1312.0 kJ/mol
Covalent radius31±5 pm
Van der Waals radius120 pm
Colour lines in a spectral range
Colour lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines o hydrogen
Ither properties
Naitural occurrenceprimordial
Creestal structur​hexagonal
Hexagonal creestal structur for hydrogen
Speed o soond1310m/s(gas, 27 °C)
Thermal conductivity0.1805 W/(m·K)
Magnetic orderindiamagnetic[2]
Magnetic susceptibility−3.98·10−6 cm3/mol(298 K)[3]
CAS Nummer12385-13-6
1333-74-0 (H2)
History
DiskiveryHenry Cavendish[4][5](1766)
Named byAntoine Lavoisier[6](1783)
Mainisotopes o hydrogen
Iso­topeAbun­danceHauf-life(t1/2)Decay modePro­duct
1H99.98%stable
2H0.02%stable
3Htrace12.32 yβ−3He
|references

Hydrogen is the least wechtieatom in theuniverse, wi theatomic nummer o 1. It haes the seembolH, an aatomic wecht o 1.007 94u. Hydrogen is aften lik tae burn an gin it burns inair, it jynes wioxygen tae makwatter.

Hydrogen gas (H2) wis first made bi human haunds in the 16t century frae the kirnin o metals wi strang acids. In 1766-1781,Henry Cavendish wis the first ane ti ken that hydrogen gas is a discreet thing.Yin o the ideas for replacin motor fuel is tae uise hydrogen insteid, sin fuel maks orra gasses whan it burns, but hydrogen juist maks watter. Acause o this, we caw the element hydrogen, that beirs "watter-shaper" inGreek.

Hydrogen Spectrum Test

Tho hydrogen is the maist common atom in the universe, makin aboot 75% o the universe's maess. Maist hydrogen is grippit instarns, sae bodies canna get uise o it.

References

[eedit |eedit soorce]
  1. ↑Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils; Holleman, Arnold Frederick (2001).Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. p. 240.ISBN 0123526515.
  2. ↑Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds".CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics(PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press.ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
  3. ↑Weast, Robert (1984).CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110.ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
  4. ↑"Hydrogen".Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799.ISBN 0-471-61525-0.
  5. ↑Emsley, John (2001).Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191.ISBN 0-19-850341-5.
  6. ↑Stwertka, Albert (1996).A Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. pp. 16–21.ISBN 0-19-508083-1.
Theperiodic cairt o the elements
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
Alkali metalsAlkaline yird metalsLanthanidesActinoidsTranseetion elementsIthermetalsMetalloidsIthernane-metalsHalogensNoble gasesUnkent chemical properties
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