Wright designit mair nor 1,000 structurs an completit 532 works. Wright believit in designin structurs which wur inpeace wihumanity an itsenvironment. He callit his belief organic airchitectur.[5] He uised this technique for his design forFallingwater (1935), which haes been cried "the best aw-time wirk o American airchitectur".[5] Wright wis a leader o thePrairie School movement o airchitectur an developit the image o theUsonian home, his ane-o-a-kynd veesion forurban plannin in theUnitit States.
He began an American style of buildin design an is said tae be ane o the greatest airchitects o the twentiet centurie.[6]
His work includes oreeginal an creative ensaumples o mony biggin types. Wright an aa designit mony o the interior elements o his biggins, sic as the furnitur anstained glass. Wright authorit 20 beuks an mony airticles an wis a popular lecturer in the Unitit States an inEurope.
His colorful personal life eften made heidlines, maist notably for the 1914 fire an murders at hisTaliesin studio. Already well-kent durin his lifetime, Wright wis recognizit in 1991 bi theAmerican Institute of Architects as "the greatest American airchitect o aw time."[5]
Frank Lloyd Wright wis born in the fermin toun oRichland Center, Wisconsin, Unitit States, on8 Juin1867.[7] He wis bornFrank Lincoln Wright.[9] His faither, William Carey Wright (1825–1904)[10], wis a locally admirit speaker, muisic teacher, whiles a lawyer, an meenister. William Wright haed met an marriit Anna Lloyd Jones (1838/39 – 1923)[10], a coonty schuil teacher oWelsh strynd.
Wright's first well-kent biggin, the Larkin Admeenistration Buildin
Wright did nae get alang well wi ether draftsmen. He wrote that several violent events happenit atween them durin the first years o hisapprenticeship. Efterwards mony ither draftsmen shawed very little respect for his employees as well.[11] In spite o this, "Sullivan took [Wright] under his wing and gave him great design responsibility." As an act o respect, Wright wad later refer tae Sullivan asLieber Meister (German for "Dear Master").[12] Wright an aa formit a bond wi office foremanPaul Mueller. Wright wad later engage Mueller tae big several o his public an commercial biggins atween 1903 an 1923.[13]
As Wright began tae wirk on residential projects forAdler & Sullivan.[14] Wright designit his hooses on his ain time. Sullivan knew nothin o Wright's wirks till 1893, whan he recognizit that ane o the hooses wis a Frank Lloyd Wright design.[14] This parteecular hoose, biggit forAllison Harlan, wis anly blocks away frae Sullivan's tounhoose in the Chicago commonty oKenwood.[14]
Frank Lloyd Wright designit a simmer-hoose in 1935 for the Kaufmann faimily ower a watterfaw inPennsylvania. He callit the hoose "Fallingwater". Some fowk say it is the maist famous private home in the warld.[15]
The hoose actually sits law in thevalley ower the stream, but leuks dramatic frae further dounstream.[16] It haes lairge terraces, an some o them stick straucht oot an hang ower thewatterfaw or the stream. Thare are windaes an glass doors, wi anly narrow steel supports atween them, wrappin aw the wey aroond the livin ruim.
Thare are an aa windaes gangin aw the wey frae the fluir tae the ceilin in aw three stories o the touer.[5][16]
Maist o the hoose is made fraestane. Thare are stranghorizontal anvertical lines in the design o the hoose. It resembles the horizontal an vertical lines in the rock formations an ither naitural featurs.[16] The watterfaw can be heard everywhaur in the hoose. Wright wantit thare tae be a close connection atween inside an ootside, an for the hoose itself tae be naitural.[17]
In 1991, members o the American Institute of Architects named the Fallingwater hoose the "best aw-time work o American airchitectur".[18]
Ane famoushoose wis cried theRobie House. It haed amaze lik layoot angeometric stainitglasswindows.[19] The Robie House wis a unique hoose wi odd shapes,colours an form. He finishit makin it in 1910, as a hoose for childer. In fact, mony childer livit an playit in that hoose wi thair faimilies up till 1926 whan it wis closed for livin in, an closit tae the public. Mony times, it wis planned tae be destroyit. Houiver, twice, Wright savit his hoose frae destruction acause o the reasons he biggit it an aw the memories o it that he lovit so much. It is nou bein restorit at a cost o $10 million.[20]
Anither famous biggin bi Wright wis cried theJohnson Wax Headquarters.[21] The biggin haes Wright's idea o the streamlinitArt Moderne style popular in the 1930s. In a break wi Wright's earlier Prairie School structurs, the biggin featurs monycircular forms an needit ower 200 different curvit "Cherokee red"bricks tae creaut the sweepin curves o the inside an ootside.[21]
The mortar atween the bricks wis creatit in tradeetional Wright-style tae gie the horizontality o the biggin.[21] The warm, reddish hue o the bricks wis usit in the polishitconcrete fluir as well.[21] The whitestane trim an whitecolumns creaut a slicht yet strikin difference. Aw o thefurnitur, creatit bi Steelcase, wis designit for the biggin bi Wright an it mirrorit mony o the biggin's unique design featurs.[21]
The entrance is in the structur, enterin the biggin on ane side wi a coverit carport on the ither.[21] The carport is supportit bi short versions o the steel-reinforcit (tree-lik) concrete columns that appear in the Great Workroom.[21]
Wright proponed tae big a skyscraper callitThe Illinois that wad be the hicht o a distance o a mile.[22] It wis intendit tae be constructit inChicago,Illinois. It coud hae includit 528 stories, wi a gross aurie o 18,460,000 square feet (1,715,000 m2).[22] Wright statit that thare wad be parkin for 15,000 caurs an 150 helicopters.[22]
Its ane o a kynd central geometry wis createit tae allou visitors tae easily see Guggenheim's collection of his paintins bi takin anelevator tae the tap-level an then viewin artworks bi walkin doun the slowly descendin, central spiral ramp, the floor o which is lodgit wi circular shapes an triangular licht bulbs tae complement the geometric naitur o the buildin.[23]
Houiver, whan the museum wis completit, some o Wright's design war ignorit, sic as his desire for the interior tae be paintit off-white.[23] Further, the Museum currently designs exhibits tae be viewit bi walkin up the curvit walkway wioot walkin doun frae the tap-level.[23]
Wright strangly believit in wirkin alane.[24] He did nae support the American Institute of Architects durin his career, goin so far as tae caw the organisation "a harbor o refuge for the incompetent," an "a form o refined gangsterism."[24] When an the Institute cried him "an auld amateur" Wright later respondit, "I am the auldest."[24] In 1940, Wright startit theFrank Lloyd Wright Foundation. It wis set up for eddicational purposes. It leuks efter twa Wright biggins,Taliesin East inWisconsin, anTaliesin West inArizona. It haes alibrary wi mair nor 22,000 o Wright's drawins, an 300,000documents. It is home tae theFrank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture.[25]
Frank Lloyd Wright wis marrit three times an faitherit seiven childer, fower sons an three daughters. He an aa adoptit Svetlana Milanoff, the dauchter o his third wife, Olgivanna Lloyd Wright.[26] Wright ance haed an apprentice who wis marrit taeJoseph Stalin's dauchter.[27]
His wives war:
Catherine "Kitty" (Tobin) Wright (1871–1959); social wirker, socialite (marriit in Juin 1889; divorcit November 1922)
Maude "Miriam" (Noel) Wright (1869–1930), airtist (marrit in November 1923; divorcit August 1927)
Olga Ivanovna "Olgivanna" (Lazovich Milanoff) Lloyd Wright (1897–1985), dancer an writer (marrit in August 1928)
The Oscar-winnin actressAnne Baxter wis Wright's granddauchter.[28]
Wright deit on9 Aprile1959, while undergangin surgery inPhoenix,Arizona, tae remove an intestinal obstruction.[8] His third wife, Olgivanna wad die in 1985.[29] Wright wis suin burit inUnity Chapel in Wisconsin. Years later, his remains war crematit.
Frank Lloyd Wright's postage stamp published in 1966
In 2000, Fallingwater wis namit "The Building of the 20th century" in "Top-Ten" poll taken bi members attendin the AIA annual convention inPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania.[33] On that leet, Wright wis leetit alang wi mony o the USA's ither greatest airchitects includinEero Saarinen,I. M. Pei,Louis Kahn,Philip Johnson anLudwig Mies van der Rohe. He wis the anly airchitect who haed mair nor ane buildin on the leet. The ither three biggins war the Guggenheim Museum, the Frederick C. Robie House an the Johnson Wax Headquarters.[34]
