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Azerbaijan

Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge
Republic o Azerbaijan

Azərbaycan Respublikası  (Azerbaijani)
Anthem: 
Location o Azerbaijan (green)
Location o Azerbaijan (green)
CaipitalBaku
40°25′N49°50′E / 40.417°N 49.833°E /40.417; 49.833
Offeecial leidsAzerbaijani
Ethnic minority leidsArmenian (anerly inNagorno-Karabakh),Avar,Budukh,Georgie,Juhuri,Khinalug,Kryts,Lezgian,Roushie,Rutul,Tat,Tatar,Tsakhur anUdi
Demonym(s)Azerbaijani
GovrenmentUnitarydominant-pairtysemi-presidentialrepublic
• Preses
Ilham Aliyev
Mehriban Aliyeva
Ali Asadov
LegislaturNaitional Assembly
Formation
28 Mey 1918
28 Aprile 1920
• Independence fromSoviet Union
30 August 1991 (declared)
18 October 1991 (unthirldom)
25 December 1991 (completit)
• Constitution adopted
12 November 1995
Aurie
• Total
86,600 km2 (33,400 sq mi) (112t)
• Water (%)
1.6
Population
• 2016 estimate
9,754,830[1] (89t)
• Density
112.6/km2 (291.6/sq mi) (103rd)
GDP (PPP)2016 estimate
• Total
$167.905 billion[2]
• Per capita
$17,688[2]
GDP (nominal)2016 estimate
• Tot
$35.686 billion[2]
• Per capita
$3,759[2]
Gini (2008)33.7[3]
medium
HDI (2013)0.751[4]
heich · 76th
CurrencyManat (₼) (AZN)
Time zoneAZT (UTC+04)
Drivin sidericht
Cawin code+994
ISO 3166 codeAZ
Internet TLD.az
Territorial organization

Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani:Azərbaycan), offeecially theRepublic o Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani:Azərbaycan Respublikası) is the lairgest kintra in theSooth Caucasus region oEurasie. Locatit at the crossroads oEastren Europe anWastren Asie,[5] it is boondit bi theCaspian Sea tae the east,Roushie tae the north,Georgie tae the northwast,Armenie tae the wast, anIran tae the sooth.

Theexclave oNakhchivan is boondit bi Armenie tae the north an east, Iran tae the sooth an wast, while haein a short borderline wiTurkey tae the northwast. The enclaves oKarki,Yuxarı Əskipara,Barxudarlı anSofulu are surroondit bi Armenie an hae been controlled bi it syne theNagorno-Karabakh War. The majority-Armenian populatitNagorno-Karabakh region in the southwest o Azerbaijan declared itself independent frae Azerbaijan in 1991, but it isno diplomatically recognised bi ony naition an is still considered ade jure pairt o Azerbaijan, bein occupied bi Armenian forces.[6][7][8][9]

Azerbaijan Democratic Republic wis the first successfu attempt tae establish ademocratic ansecularrepublic in theMuslim warld.[10][11] Nouadays Azerbaijan, a naition wi a majorityTurkic[12][13] anShi‘ite Muslim[14] population, is asecular an aunitaryrepublic wi an auncient an historiccultural heritage. Azerbaijan haes diplomatic relations wi 158 kinrtas sae far an haulds membership in 38 internaitional organisations.[15] Azerbaijan is ane o the foondin members oGUAM an theOrganisation for the Prohibition o Chemical Weapons, an jynt theCommonwealth o Independent States in September 1993.[16] On 9 Mey 2006 Azerbaijan wis electit tae membership in the newly establishedHuman Richts Council bi theUnitit Naitions General Assembly. The term o office began on 19 Juin 2006.[17] A Special Envoy o theEuropean Commission is present in the kintra, which is an' a' a member o theUnitit Naitions, theOSCE, theCouncil o Europe, an theNATOPartnership for Peace (PfP) program. The kintra an aa haulds observer status in theNon-Aligned Movement anWarld Tred Organisation an is a correspondent at theInternaitional Telecommunication Union.[15]

Etymology o the name

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Main airticle:History o the name Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan is ane o the sax independentTurkic States as o 1991.

The name o Azerbaijan derives fraeAtropates,[18][19] aPersian[20][21][22][23][24]satrap unner theAchaemenid Empire, that wis later reinstatit as the satrap oMedia unnerAlexander the Great.[25][26] The oreeginal etymology o this name is thocht tae hae its roots in the auncient Iranian releegion oZoroastrianism. In theAvesta, FrawardinYasht ("Hymn tae the Guardian Angels"), thare is a mention oâterepâtahe ashaonô fravashîm ýazamaide, which literally translates fraeAvestan as"we worship theFravashi o the holy Atare-pata".[27]

Atropates ruled ower the region oAtropatene (present-dayIranian Azerbaijan). The name "Atropates" itself is the Greek transliteration o an Auld-Iranian, probably Median, compoondit name wi the meanin "Protectit bi the (Holy) Fire". The Greek name is mentioned biDiodorus Siculus anStrabo, an it is continued asādurbādagān in theMiddle Persian geographical text Shahrestānihā i Erānshahr.[28] The wird is translatable as baith "the treasury" an "the treasurer" o fire inModren Persian.

Notes

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References

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  1. ↑"Azərbaycanda Əhalinin Sayı Açıqlandı" [Population of Azerbaijan Announced] (in Azerbaijani). 15 December 2014.[deid airtin]
  2. ↑abcd"Azerbaijan". International Monetary Fund.
  3. ↑"Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved2 Mairch 2011.
  4. ↑"Human Development Index, 2012 Update". United Nations. 2011. Archived fraethe original on 21 Januar 2012. Retrieved15 Juin 2012.Unknown parameter|deadurl= ignored (help)
  5. ↑Azerbaijan mey be considered tae be inAsie an/orEurope. TheUNclassification o warld regions places Azerbaijan inWastern Asie; theCIAWorld FactbookCIA.govArchived 2009-06-10 at theWayback Machine,NationalGeographic.com, anEncyclopædia Britannica an' a' place Georgie in Asie. Conversely, numerous sources place Azerbaijan in Europe such as theBBCNEWS.bbc.co.uk,Oxford Reference OnlineOxfordReference.com,Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, andwww.worldatlas.com.
  6. ↑Резолюция СБ ООН № 822 от 30 апреля 1993 года
  7. ↑Резолюция СБ ООН № 853 от 29 июля 1993 года
  8. ↑Резолюция СБ ООН № 874 14 октября 1993 года
  9. ↑Резолюция СБ ООН № 884 от 12 ноября 1993 года
  10. ↑Tadeusz Swietochowski. Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition.Columbia University Press, 1995.ISBN 0-231-07068-3, 9780231070683, p.69.
  11. ↑Reinhard Schulze. A Modern History of the Islamic World. I.B.Tauris, 2000.ISBN 1-86064-822-3, 9781860648229.[page needit]
  12. ↑"Country Profile: Azerbaijan". British Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO). 2009. Archived fraethe original on 10 Apryle 2008. Retrieved7 Julie 2009."Archived copy". Archived frae the original on 10 Apryle 2008. Retrieved13 September 2022.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  13. ↑"Azerbaijan".World Factbook. CIA. 2009. Archived fraethe original on 10 Juin 2009. Retrieved4 Juin 2009.Archived 2009-06-10 at theWayback Machine
  14. ↑"Azerbaijan".Background Note. U.S. Department of State. 2009. Retrieved4 Juin 2009.
  15. ↑ab"AUK Foreign Office – Country Profiles: Azerbaijan". FCO.gov.uk.Archived frae the original on 31 Julie 2003. Retrieved26 Mey 2007.Cite has empty unkent parameter:|coauthors= (help)
  16. ↑"US State Department 1993 Country Reports on Economic Practice and Trade Reports: Azerbaijan". Archived fraethe original on 10 Julie 2010. Retrieved23 November 2010.
  17. ↑"Elections & Appointments – Human Rights Council". Un.org. Retrieved3 Januar 2009.
  18. ↑Minorsky, V.; Minorsky, V. "Ādharbaydjān (Azarbāydjān )." Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P.Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. Brill Online.EncIslam.brill.nl[deid airtin].
  19. ↑Encyclopedia Iranica, "Azerbaijan: Pre-Islamic History", K. Shippmann.
  20. ↑Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States by James Minahan, published in 2000, page 20
  21. ↑Lendering, Jona."Atropates (Biography)". Livius.org. Archived fraethe original on 29 October 2007. Retrieved10 December 2007.
  22. ↑Chamoux, Francois.Hellenistic Civilization. Blackwell Publishing, published 2003, page 26
  23. ↑Bosworth, A.B., and Baynham, E.J.Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction. Oxford, published 2002, page 92
  24. ↑Encyclopedia Iranica, "Azerbaijan: Pre-Islamic History", K. Shippmann
  25. ↑Chaumont, M. L. (1989)."Atropates".Encyclopaedia Iranica.3.1. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Archived fraethe original on 15 October 2007. Retrieved23 November 2010.
  26. ↑Historical Dictionary of Azerbaijan by Tadeusz Swietochowski and Brian C. Collins. The Scarecrow Press, Inc., Lanham, Maryland (1999),ISBN 0-8108-3550-9. Retrieved 7 June 2006.
  27. ↑"Frawardin Yasht ("Hymn to the Guardian Angels") – translated by James Darmesteter (From Sacred Books of the East, American Edition, 1898)".
  28. ↑ed. Touraj Daryaee, Mazda Publishers, Costa Mesa 2002.
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