Ar'ara
| |
|---|---|
| Hebrew transcription(s) | |
| • ISO 259 | ʕarˁara |
 Mosque in Ar'ara | |
  Ar'ara | |
| Coordinates:32°29′40.41″N35°05′38.81″E / 32.4945583°N 35.0941139°E /32.4945583; 35.0941139Coordinates:32°29′40.41″N35°05′38.81″E / 32.4945583°N 35.0941139°E /32.4945583; 35.0941139 | |
| Destrict |  Haifa |
| Govrenment | |
| • Teep | Local cooncil (frae 1970) |
| Population (2015)[1] | |
| • Total | 23,996 |
'Ar'ara (Arabic:عرعرة;Hebrew:עַרְעָרָה) ("juniper tree"[2]), is anArabtoun in theWadi Ara region in northrenIsrael. It is locatit sooth oUmm al-Fahm juist northwast o theGreen Line an is pairt o theTriangle. In 2015 the population wis 23,996.[1]
Burial complexes frae theRoman period bi Ar'ara hae been excavatit, revealin clay lamps an gless vessels an beads, commonly uised in the 1st tae 4t century C.E.. A few clay fragments frae theMamluk period hae been foond at the same location.[3]
In theCrusader period, the place wis kent as "Castellum Arearum". In the land-allocation made bi sultanBaybars in 663 H. (1265-1266 C.E.), Ar'ara wis shared atween hisamirs Ala' al-Din an Sayf al-Din Bayhaq al-Baghdadi.[4]
Ar'ara, lik the rest o Palestine, wis incorporatit intae theOttoman Empire in 1517, an in 1596, Ar'ara appeared inOttoman tax registers as bein in theNahiya o Shara o theLiwa oLajjun. It haed a population o 8 Muslim hoosehaulds an peyed taxes on wheat, barley, summercrops, olives, an goats or beehives.[5]
Bi the aichteent century, the veelage remained in the admeenistrative destrict o Lajjun, but the revenue o the place wis fermit for theMutasarrıf oJaffa.[6] In the late nineteent century, the steid wis describit as:
A veelage o moderate size on heich grund, wi a spring tae the east, a seicont tae the wast an awell tae the sooth. Thare are rock cut tombs near. The population is statit bi Consul Rogers (1859) as 400, the cultivation then bein 30feddans.[7]
At the time o the1931 census, Ar'ara haed 150 occupee'd hooses an a population o 971 Muslims.[8]
Ar'ara wis transferred frae Jordanian tae Israeli jurisdiction in 1949 unner theRhodes airmistice greements.[9] The neebourin veelage oʿAra wis mergit wi Ar'ara in 1985.
In 1945, Ar'ara an Arah haed a population o 2,290 an a laund aurie o 29,537dunums.[10] Bi 1962 the aurie haed been reducit tae 7,269 dunums, pairtly due tae expropriations o 8,236 dunums bi the Israeli govrenment in 1953–54.[10] Ane case o expropriation frae a private laundawner namit Younis became a test case afore theHeich Court o Israel in 1953.[11] The laund haed been confiscatit bi the govrenment athoot notifyin the awner.[11] In 1954 the court ruled that the law did no require the awner tae be notifee'd an did no provide a richt for the awner tae contest the confiscation in advance.[11] This rulin an ane ither effectively endit the possibility o laund awners uisin the courts tae contest the confiscation o thair laund.[11]
Maqam Shaykh Khalaf is the anerlie biggin which wis notit bi the antiquities authorities in theMandate aurie, an it is locatit on a slope bi the heichest pynt in the veelage, set in the middle o extensive graveyards. The Maqam is a singlerectangular chamber, covered bi adome. The twa tapcourses arechamfered towards the dome. On the north side is a doorwey, an dooble windae set inside shallaeairches. Thare is a set o windaes on the wast side an aw. Inside thare are threecenotaphs, locatit east-wast, close tae the wast waw. Amihrab is locatit on the sooth waw. The date o the biggin is no kent, but accordin tae A. Petersen (who inspectit the place in 1994), the airchitectur indicate an aichteent or early nineteent century date.[12]
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