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Alumeenium

Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge
(Reguidit fraeAluminium)
The "Scots" that wis uised in this airticle wis written bi a body that haesna a guid grip on the leid.
Pleasemak this airticle mair better gin ye can. (October 2020)
Alumeenium, 13Al
Alumeenium
Pronunciation
Appearancesillery gray metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Al)7001269815384000000♠26.9815384(3)[1]
Alumeenium in theperiodic cairt
HydrogenHelium
LithiumBerylliumBoronCarbonNitrogenOxygenFluorineNeon
SodiumMagnesiumAluminiumSiliconPhosphorusSulfurChlorineArgon
PotassiumCalciumScandiumTitaniumVanadiumChromiumManganeseAirnCobaltNickelCapperZincGalliumGermaniumArsenicSeleniumBromineKrypton
RubidiumStrontiumYttriumZirconiumNiobiumMolybdenumTechnetiumRutheniumRhodiumPalladiumSiller (element)CadmiumIndiumTinAntimonyTelluriumIodineXenon
CaesiumBariumLanthanumCeriumPraseodymiumNeodymiumPromethiumSamariumEuropiumGadoliniumTerbiumDysprosiumHolmiumErbiumThuliumYtterbiumLutetiumHafniumTantalumTungstenRheniumOsmiumIridiumPlatinumGowdMercur (element)ThalliumLeid (element)BismuthPoloniumAstatineRadon
FranciumRadiumActiniumThoriumProtactiniumUraniumNeptuniumPlutoniumAmericiumCuriumBerkeliumCaliforniumEinsteiniumFermiumMendeleviumNobeliumLawrenciumRutherfordiumDubniumSeaborgiumBohriumHassiumMeitneriumDarmstadtiumRoentgeniumCoperniciumUnuntriumFleroviumUnunpentiumLivermoriumUnunseptiumUnunoctium
B

Al

Ga
magnesiumalumeeniumsilicon
Atomic nummer(Z)13
Groupgroup 13 (boron group)
Periodperiod 3
Blockp-block
Element category Post-transeetion metal
Electron confeeguration[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 3
Pheesical properties
Phaseat STPsolit
Meltin pynt933.47 K ​(660.32 °C, ​1220.58 °F)
Bylin pynt2792 K ​(2519 °C, ​4566 °F)
Density (near r.t.)2.70 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)2.375 g/cm3
Heat o fusion10.71 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation294.0 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.200 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)148216321817205423642790
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−2, −1, +1,[2] +2,[3]+3 (an amphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.61
Ionisation energies
Atomic radiusempirical: 143 pm
Covalent radius7002121000000000000♠121±4 pm
Van der Waals radius184 pm
Colour lines in a spectral range
Colour lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines o alumeenium
Ither properties
Naitural occurrenceprimordial
Creestal structurface-centred cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic creestal structur for alumeenium
Speed o soond thin rod(rowed) 5,000 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion23.1 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity237 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity28.2 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderinparamagnetic[4]
Young's modulus70 GPa
Shear modulus26 GPa
Bulk modulus76 GPa
Poisson ratio0.35
Mohs haurdness2.75
Vickers haurdness167 MPa
Brinell haurdness245 MPa
CAS Nummer7429-90-5
History
PredictionAntoine Lavoisier[5] (1787)
First isolationFriedrich Wöhler[5] (1827)
Named byHumphry Davy[5] (1807)
Mainisotopes o alumeenium
Iso­topeAbun­danceHauf-life(t1/2)Decay modePro­duct26Altrace7013226267992000000♠7.17×105 yβ+26Mg
ε26Mg
γ-
27Al100%stable
| references

Alumeenium is achemical element in theboron group wi seembol Al anatomic nummer 13. It is a sillery white, saft, ductile metal. Alumeenium isthe third maist abundant element (efteroxygen ansilicon), an themaist abundant metal, in theYird'scrust. It maks up aboot 8% bi wicht o the Yird's solit surface. Alumeenium metal is sae chemically reactive that native specimens are rare an leemitit tae extremereducing environments. Instead, it is foond combined in ower 270 differentminerals.[8] The chiefore o alumeenium isbauxite.

Alumeenium is remarkable for the metal's lawdensity an for its ability tae resistcorrosion due tae the phenomenon opassivation. Structural components made frae alumeenium an itsalloys are vital tae theaerospace industry an are important in ither auries otransportation an structural materials. The maist uiseful compounds o alumeenium, at least on a wicht basis, are the oxides an sulfates.

Despite its prevalence in the environment, alumeenium salts are nae kent tae be uised bi ony fairm o life. In keepin wi its pervasiveness, alumeenium is well toleratit bi plants an ainimals.[9] Owin tae thair prevalence, potential beneficial (or itherwise) biological roles o aluminium compounds are o continuin interest.

References

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  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016)."Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.88 (3): 265–91.doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions".Angewandte Chemie International Edition.35 (2): 129–149.doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.
  3. D. C. Tyte (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide".Nature.202 (4930): 383.Bibcode:1964Natur.202..383T.doi:10.1038/202383a0.
  4. Lide, D. R. (2000). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds".[[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]](PDF) (81st ed.).CRC Press.ISBN 0849304814.URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  5. abc"Aluminum".Los Alamos National Laboratory. Retrieved3 Mairch 2013.
  6. Alumeenium monoxide
  7. Alumeenium iodide
  8. Shakhashiri, B. Z. (17 Mairch 2008)."Chemical of the Week: Aluminum"(PDF).SciFun.org.University of Wisconsin. Archived fraethe original(PDF) on 9 Mey 2012. Retrieved4 Mairch 2012.
  9. Helmboldt, O. (2007). "Aluminum Compounds, Inorganic".Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry.Wiley-VCH.doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_527.pub2.

Freemit airtins

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Theperiodic cairt o the elements
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
Alkali metalsAlkaline yird metalsLanthanidesActinoidsTranseetion elementsIthermetalsMetalloidsIthernane-metalsHalogensNoble gasesUnkent chemical properties
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