Amazi ni ikintu gikomeye mu buhinzi bw’umuceri, ni yo mpamvu amazi yuhira umuceri agomba gukoreshwa neza mu buryo butuma atanga umusaruro.
Umuhinzi w’umuceri agomba gukora uko ashoboye amazi akenewe akaboneka mu byiciro binyuranye by’imikurire y’igihingwa cy’umuceri:
- Mu gihe cyo kugemeka no kubyara: igihingwa cy’umuceri cyakwangirika kibuze amazi ahagije, kikagwingira cyangwa se ntigifate rwose.
-Mu gihe cyo kubyara no gutangira kuzana amahundo: muri iki gihe, igihingwa cy’umuceri gishobora kwihanganira amazi make. Igipimo cy’amazi kigomba kuguma hasi kugira ngo kubyara byihute.
- Mu gihe cyo gutangira kuzana amahundo- Kurabya: irinde ko umurima w’umuceri uburamo amazi.
- Mu gihe cyo kurabya-kwera: mu gihe cyo kwagika no kurabya n’igihe gikurikiraho gututubikana k'umuceri biba biri ku rwego rwo hejuru. Kubura kw’amazi mu murima bituma intete ziba ibihuhwa kandi umuceri ukera nabi. Amazi avanwa mu murima hagati y’iminsi 15 na 20 nyuma yo kwagika mu rwego rwo kwihutisha kwera no kugira ngo hirindwe ko umuceri ukurura Azote nyinshi.
Indwara ya Virusi y’umuceri (RYMV) ni icyorezo cyibasiye umuceri mu bihugu byo ku mugabane wa Afurika, ikaba igaragara mu bihugu hafi ya byose bihinga umuceri. Iyi ndwara iterwa na Virusi yagaragaye no mu gihugu cya Turukiya.
Umuceri wafashwe n’indwara iterwa na virusi.
Indwara iterwa na Virusi y’umuceri (RYMV) ikwirakwizwa n’amoko menshi y’udukoko,inka, imbeba n’indogobe. Iyo udukoko dukwirakwiza virusi turiye umuceri wafashwe duhita tuyikwirakwiza ku muceri utarandura n’indi mirima igiterwa aho hafi cyangwa ubuhumbikiro. Umuceri, ibihingwa virusi zihishamo zigakuriramo n’ibishibu cyangwa ibimera byimeza mu mirima hagati y’ibihembwa by’ihinga bituma virusi zikomeza kuguma mu murima. Indwara iterwa na virusi ishobora no gukwirakwizwa n’amatembabuzi ava ku gihingwa ajya ku kindi ( amazi yo kuhira, amazi ava ku gututubikana kw’igihinwa no gukoranaho kw’ibice by’igihingwa birwaye n’ibizima ndetse no ku bisigazwa by’ibihigwa).
Virusi ishobora no kuboneka mu mizi y’ibihingwa byafashwe kandi ishobora kwanduza ibindi bihingwa binyuze mu bikomere by’imizi.[16]
Iyi ndwara irangwa n’imirongo y’icyatsi cyijimye isa n’itose ku dutsi tw’ibibabi. Aya mabara agenda yaguka kandi yiyegeranya, agahinduka ikijuju gishyira umuhondo,akenshi ayo mabara akaba mu kibabi hagati. Indwara irakura, amababi agahinduka ikijuju cyerurutse, ubundi akuma.
Ibimenyetso by’ingenge z’amababi
Uburyo bwo kuyirinda no kuyirwanya:
Mu ngamba zo kwirinda iyi ndwara harimo: guterera igihe ingemwe zitarwaye zavuye ku mbuto zihanganira iyi ndwara no gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda ku kigero kiringaniye. Ni ngombwa kandi kugira isuku mu murima n’ahawegereye, kuyobora amazi ahagije mu murima, gutera imbuto umuti mbere yo guhumbika (Thiram-Benomyl: gr 1 ya Thiram na gr 1 ya Benomyl) muri kg y’imbuto, ukinika imbuto muri iyo mvange igihe cy’amasaha 24 mbere yo kuzitera mu buhumbikiro.
Igihe indwara yagaragaye, koresha imiti nka Propiconazole cyangwa Tebuconazole mu murima wafashwe, na Benomyl igihe indwara yagaragye mu buhumbikiro.[19]
Ibyatsi bibi bikunze kuboneka mu murima w’umuceri muRwanda biri mu bwoko bukurikira: umutete(Echnochloa crusgali, Echnochloa Colonum); urukangaga(Cyperus diformis); umurago (Cyperus rutondus) n’ibindi.
Uburyo bwo kubirwanya:
Gukoresha mu rugero imiti itwika ibyatsi
Kugirira umurima isuku n’ahawukikije;
Kuyobora amazi ahagije mu murima;
Guhungura imbuto ukoresheje umuti waThiran na Benomyl, (gr 1 yaThiran na gr 1 yaBenomyl mu kilo cy’imbuto. Kwinika imbuto mu mvange y’amazi n’umuti mu gihe cy’amasaha 24 mbere yo kubiba imbuto mu buhumbikiro;
Kuvura indwara igihe yagaragaye mu murima ukoresheje imiti nkaPropiconazole cyangwa Tebuconazole naBenomyl mu buhumbikiro.[22]
Amazi agomba kuvanwa mu murima iminsi 7-10 days mbere yo gusarura, ariko ntibirenze iminsi 10.
Kuvanamo amazi mbere ho iminsi 10 byongera umuceri umenetse (ibimene)
Umuceri usarurwa nyuma y’iminsi 120-150 utewe kandi umusaruro uri hagati ya Toni 3 na Toni 9 z’umuceri udatonoye kuri Ha;
Gusarura umuceriGukata ibitsinsi by’umuceri ukoresheje Najoro (Akayuya) byibura kuri cm 10 hejuru y’ubutaka.
Guhura umuceri
Guhita uhura ako kanya ukimara kuwusarura kugira ngo twirinde ko unyanyagira.
Kuwuhura ukoresheje igihuzo banyongesha ikirenge cyangwa bakubita kuri shitingi irambuye ku butaka neza birinda kuwuvanga n’amabuye n’ibindi bitari umuceri.[23]
Ku bwanyu
Ingano y’amazi cyangwa ubutote bw’umuceri (GMC) usarurwa ugereranyije ni hagati 20 na 30% bitewe n’imiterere y’ikirere.
Kuringaniza igipimo cy’amazi mu ntete (kwanika) kugeza kuri 14% ni ngombwa ku muceri wo gutonorwa bigabanya intete zimenetse ndetse ukanabikika igihe kirekire.
Kwanika Umucerikwanika umuceri udatonoye neza kugeza ku rugero rwizewe rw’ubutote rwa 14% ni ukuwusanza neza utarundanyije cyane, byiburacm 5 ku mbuga ya sima cyangwa shitingi no kuwukorakora buri kanya (buri minota 30 - 60) kugira ngo wume kimwe wose.
Kuwanika ku zuba buhoro buhoro mu minsi 2-3 (amasaha 6-8 ku munsi bitewe n’imiterere y’ikirere bigabanya kumenagurika mu gihe cyo kuwutonora. Ni ngombwa kwirinda kuwumisha vuba vuba mu gihe gito nk’umunsi umwe.
Umuceri ni igihingwa kidakunda izuba kikaba igihingwa gikunda amazi cyane kandi gikoreshwa cyane mu Rwanda nko mu bukwe, mu bigo by'amashuri ndetse no mu ma hoteri. Umuceri ni igihingwa gifite akamaro kanini mu iterambere ry'igihugu ugakundwa n'abana cyane kuko usanga nk'iyo bawutetse mu bigo by'amashuri abanyeshuri bashima cyane Mu Rwanda ahantu hakunzwe guhingwa umuceri ni mu karere ka Rwamagana, Gicumbi na Bugarama ukaba ufasha abaturage kwiteza imbere no guhahira imiryango yabo.
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