Hard rock (sauheavy rock) este un subgen al muziciirock, apărut în anii 1960 dingarage rock,blues rock șipsychedelic rock. Este caracterizat prin utilizarea de vocal agresiv, folosirea excesivă a chitarelor electrice distorsionate, a chitarei bas și a bateriei. Termenul "hard rock" este adesea folosit pentru a descrie unele genuri muzicale precumpunk șiheavy metal pentru a le deosebi de celelalte forme de rock "mai ușoare", precumpop rock.
Nicolas Bénard,La culture Hard Rock, Paris, Dilecta, 2008.
Nicolas Bénard,Métalorama, ethnologie d'une culture contemporaine, 1983–2010, Rosières-en-Haye,Camion Blanc, 2011.
Fast, Susan (2001).In the Houses of the Holy: Led Zeppelin and the Power of Rock Music. Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-511756-5
Fast, Susan (2005). "Led Zeppelin and the Construction of Masculinity," inMusic Cultures in the United States, ed. Ellen Koskoff. Routledge.ISBN 0-415-96588-8
Guibert, Gérôme, and Fabien Hein (ed.) (2007), "Les Scènes Metal. Sciences sociales et pratiques culturelles radicales",Volume! La revue des musiques populaires, n°5-2, Bordeaux: Éditions Mélanie Seteun.ISBN 978-2-913169-24-1
Kahn-Harris, Keith,Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge, Oxford: Berg, 2007,ISBN 1-84520-399-2
Kahn-Harris, Keith and Fabien Hein (2007), "Metal studies: a bibliography",Volume! La revue des musiques populaires, n°5-2, Bordeaux: Éditions Mélanie Seteun.ISBN 978-2-913169-24-1Downloadable here
Weinstein, Deena (1991).Heavy Metal: A Cultural Sociology. Lexington.ISBN 0-669-21837-5. Revised edition: (2000).Heavy Metal: The Music and its Culture. Da Capo.ISBN 0-306-80970-2.
