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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)                         L. LhotkaRequest for Comments: 7951                                        CZ.NICCategory: Standards Track                                    August 2016ISSN: 2070-1721JSON Encoding of Data Modeled with YANGAbstract   This document defines encoding rules for representing configuration   data, state data, parameters of Remote Procedure Call (RPC)   operations or actions, and notifications defined using YANG as   JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) text.Status of This Memo   This is an Internet Standards Track document.   This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force   (IETF).  It represents the consensus of the IETF community.  It has   received public review and has been approved for publication by the   Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).  Further information on   Internet Standards is available inSection 2 of RFC 7841.   Information about the current status of this document, any errata,   and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained athttp://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7951.Copyright Notice   Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the   document authors.  All rights reserved.   This document is subject toBCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of   publication of this document.  Please review these documents   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as   described in the Simplified BSD License.Lhotka                       Standards Track                    [Page 1]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 2016Table of Contents1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32.  Terminology and Notation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33.  Properties of the JSON Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44.  Names and Namespaces  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55.  Encoding of YANG Data Node Instances  . . . . . . . . . . . .75.1.  The "leaf" Data Node  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75.2.  The "container" Data Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85.3.  The "leaf-list" Data Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85.4.  The "list" Data Node  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95.5.  The "anydata" Data Node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95.6.  The "anyxml" Data Node  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105.7.  Metadata Objects  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.  Representing YANG Data Types in JSON Values . . . . . . . . .116.1.  Numeric Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.2.  The "string" Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.3.  The "boolean" Type  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116.4.  The "enumeration" Type  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126.5.  The "bits" Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126.6.  The "binary" Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126.7.  The "leafref" Type  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126.8.  The "identityref" Type  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126.9.  The "empty" Type  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136.10. The "union" Type  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146.11. The "instance-identifier" Type  . . . . . . . . . . . . .157.  I-JSON Compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17Appendix A.  A Complete Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18   Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Lhotka                       Standards Track                    [Page 2]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 20161.  Introduction   The Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) [RFC6241] uses XML [XML]   for encoding data in its Content Layer.  Other management protocols   might want to use other encodings while still benefiting from using   YANG [RFC7950] as the data modeling language.   For example, the RESTCONF protocol [RESTCONF] supports two encodings:   XML (media type "application/yang.data+xml") and JavaScript Object   Notation (JSON) (media type "application/yang.data+json").   The specification of the YANG 1.1 data modeling language [RFC7950]   defines only XML encoding of data trees, i.e., configuration data,   state data, input/output parameters of Remote Procedure Call (RPC)   operations or actions, and notifications.  The aim of this document   is to define rules for encoding the same data as JSON text [RFC7159].2.  Terminology and Notation   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].   The following terms are defined in [RFC7950]:   o  action   o  anydata   o  anyxml   o  augment   o  container   o  data node   o  data tree   o  identity   o  instance identifier   o  leaf   o  leaf-list   o  listLhotka                       Standards Track                    [Page 3]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 2016   o  module   o  RPC operation   o  submodule   The following terms are defined in [RFC6241]:   o  configuration data   o  notification   o  state data3.  Properties of the JSON Encoding   This document defines JSON encoding for YANG data trees and their   subtrees.  It is always assumed that the top-level structure in JSON-   encoded data is an object.   Instances of YANG data nodes (leafs, containers, leaf-lists, lists,   anydata nodes, and anyxml nodes) are encoded as members of a JSON   object, i.e., name/value pairs.Section 4 defines how the name part   is formed, and the following sections deal with the value part.  The   encoding rules are identical for all types of data trees, i.e.,   configuration data, state data, parameters of RPC operations,   actions, and notifications.   With the exception of "anydata" encoding (Section 5.5), all rules in   this document are also applicable to YANG 1.0 [RFC6020].   Unlike XML element content, JSON values carry partial type   information (number, string, boolean).  The JSON encoding is defined   so that this information is never in conflict with the data type of   the corresponding YANG leaf or leaf-list.   With the exception of anyxml and schema-less anydata nodes, it is   possible to map a JSON-encoded data tree to XML encoding as defined   in [RFC7950], and vice versa.  However, such conversions require the   YANG data model to be available.   In order to achieve maximum interoperability while allowing   implementations to use a variety of existing JSON parsers, the JSON   encoding rules follow, as much as possible, the constraints of the   I-JSON (Internet JSON) restricted profile [RFC7493].Section 7   discusses I-JSON conformance in more detail.Lhotka                       Standards Track                    [Page 4]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 20164.  Names and Namespaces   A JSON object member name MUST be in one of the following forms:   o  simple - identical to the identifier of the corresponding YANG      data node.   o  namespace-qualified - the data node identifier is prefixed with      the name of the module in which the data node is defined,      separated from the data node identifier by the colon character      (":").   The name of a module determines the namespace of all data node names   defined in that module.  If a data node is defined in a submodule,   then the namespace-qualified member name uses the name of the main   module to which the submodule belongs.   ABNF syntax [RFC5234] of a member name is shown in Figure 1, where   the production for "identifier" is defined inSection 14 of   [RFC7950].           member-name = [identifier ":"] identifier             Figure 1: ABNF Production for a JSON Member Name   A namespace-qualified member name MUST be used for all members of a   top-level JSON object and then also whenever the namespaces of the   data node and its parent node are different.  In all other cases, the   simple form of the member name MUST be used.   For example, consider the following YANG module:   module example-foomod {     namespace "http://example.com/foomod";     prefix "foomod";     container top {       leaf foo {         type uint8;       }     }   }Lhotka                       Standards Track                    [Page 5]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 2016   If the data model consists only of this module, then the following is   valid JSON-encoded configuration data:   {     "example-foomod:top": {       "foo": 54     }   }   Note that the member of the top-level object uses the namespace-   qualified name but the "foo" leaf doesn't because it is defined in   the same module as its parent container "top".   Now, assume that the container "top" is augmented from another   module, "example-barmod":   module example-barmod {     namespace "http://example.com/barmod";     prefix "barmod";     import example-foomod {       prefix "foomod";     }     augment "/foomod:top" {       leaf bar {         type boolean;       }     }   }   Valid JSON-encoded configuration data containing both leafs may then   look like this:   {     "example-foomod:top": {       "foo": 54,       "example-barmod:bar": true     }   }   The name of the "bar" leaf is prefixed with the namespace identifier   because its parent is defined in a different module.Lhotka                       Standards Track                    [Page 6]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 2016   Explicit namespace identifiers are sometimes needed when encoding   values of the "identityref" and "instance-identifier" types.  The   same form of namespace-qualified name as defined above is then used.   See Sections6.8 and6.11 for details.5.  Encoding of YANG Data Node Instances   Every data node instance is encoded as a name/value pair where the   name is formed from the data node identifier using the rules ofSection 4.  The value depends on the category of the data node, as   explained in the following subsections.   Character encoding MUST be UTF-8.5.1.  The "leaf" Data Node   A leaf instance is encoded as a name/value pair where the value can   be a string, number, literal "true" or "false", or the special array   "[null]", depending on the type of the leaf (seeSection 6 for the   type encoding rules).   Example: For the leaf node definition   leaf foo {     type uint8;   }   the following is a valid JSON-encoded instance:   "foo": 123Lhotka                       Standards Track                    [Page 7]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 20165.2.  The "container" Data Node   A container instance is encoded as a name/object pair.  The   container's child data nodes are encoded as members of the object.   Example: For the container definition   container bar {     leaf foo {       type uint8;     }   }   the following is a valid JSON-encoded instance:   "bar": {     "foo": 123   }5.3.  The "leaf-list" Data Node   A leaf-list is encoded as a name/array pair, and the array elements   are values of some scalar type, which can be a string, number,   literal "true" or "false", or the special array "[null]", depending   on the type of the leaf-list (seeSection 6 for the type encoding   rules).   The ordering of array elements follows the same rules as the ordering   of XML elements representing leaf-list entries in the XML encoding.   Specifically, the "ordered-by" properties (Section 7.7.7 in   [RFC7950]) MUST be observed.   Example: For the leaf-list definition   leaf-list foo {     type uint8;   }   the following is a valid JSON-encoded instance:   "foo": [123, 0]Lhotka                       Standards Track                    [Page 8]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 20165.4.  The "list" Data Node   A list instance is encoded as a name/array pair, and the array   elements are JSON objects.   The ordering of array elements follows the same rules as the ordering   of XML elements representing list entries in the XML encoding.   Specifically, the "ordered-by" properties (Section 7.7.7 in   [RFC7950]) MUST be observed.   Unlike the XML encoding, where list keys are required to precede any   other siblings within a list entry and appear in the order specified   by the data model, the order of members in a JSON-encoded list entry   is arbitrary because JSON objects are fundamentally unordered   collections of members.   Example: For the list definition   list bar {     key foo;     leaf foo {       type uint8;     }     leaf baz {       type string;     }   }   the following is a valid JSON-encoded instance:   "bar": [     {       "foo": 123,       "baz": "zig"     },     {       "baz": "zag",       "foo": 0     }   ]5.5.  The "anydata" Data Node   The anydata data node serves as a container for an arbitrary set of   nodes that otherwise appear as normal YANG-modeled data.  A data   model for anydata content may or may not be known at runtime.  In the   latter case, converting JSON-encoded instances to the XML encoding   defined in [RFC7950] may be impossible.Lhotka                       Standards Track                    [Page 9]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 2016   An anydata instance is encoded in the same way as a container, i.e.,   as a name/object pair.  The requirement that anydata content can be   modeled by YANG implies the following rules for the JSON text inside   the object:   o  It is valid I-JSON [RFC7493].   o  All object member names satisfy the ABNF production in Figure 1.   o  Any JSON array contains either only unique scalar values (as a      leaf-list; seeSection 5.3) or only objects (as a list; seeSection 5.4).   o  The "null" value is only allowed in the single-element array      "[null]" corresponding to the encoding of the "empty" type; seeSection 6.9.   Example: For the anydata definition   anydata data;   the following is a valid JSON-encoded instance:   "data": {     "ietf-notification:notification": {       "eventTime": "2014-07-29T13:43:01Z",       "example-event:event": {         "event-class": "fault",         "reporting-entity": {           "card": "Ethernet0"         },         "severity": "major"       }     }   }5.6.  The "anyxml" Data Node   An anyxml instance is encoded as a JSON name/value pair.  The value   MUST satisfy I-JSON constraints.   Example: For the anyxml definition   anyxml bar;   the following is a valid JSON-encoded instance:   "bar": [true, null, true]Lhotka                       Standards Track                   [Page 10]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 20165.7.  Metadata Objects   Apart from instances of YANG data nodes, a JSON document MAY contain   special object members whose name starts with the "@" character   (COMMERCIAL AT).  Such members are used for special purposes, such as   encoding metadata [RFC7952].  The exact syntax and semantics of such   members are outside the scope of this document.6.  Representing YANG Data Types in JSON Values   The type of the JSON value in an instance of the leaf or leaf-list   data node depends on the type of that data node, as specified in the   following subsections.6.1.  Numeric Types   A value of the "int8", "int16", "int32", "uint8", "uint16", or   "uint32" type is represented as a JSON number.   A value of the "int64", "uint64", or "decimal64" type is represented   as a JSON string whose content is the lexical representation of the   corresponding YANG type as specified in Sections9.2.1 and9.3.1 of   [RFC7950].   For example, if the type of the leaf "foo" inSection 5.1 was   "uint64" instead of "uint8", the instance would have to be encoded as   "foo": "123"   The special handling of 64-bit numbers follows from the I-JSON   recommendation to encode numbers exceeding the IEEE 754-2008   double-precision range [IEEE754-2008] as strings; seeSection 2.2 in   [RFC7493].6.2.  The "string" Type   A "string" value is represented as a JSON string, subject to JSON   string encoding rules.6.3.  The "boolean" Type   A "boolean" value is represented as the corresponding JSON literal   name "true" or "false".Lhotka                       Standards Track                   [Page 11]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 20166.4.  The "enumeration" Type   An "enumeration" value is represented as a JSON string -- one of the   names assigned by "enum" statements in YANG.   The representation is identical to the lexical representation of the   "enumeration" type in XML; seeSection 9.6 in [RFC7950].6.5.  The "bits" Type   A "bits" value is represented as a JSON string -- a space-separated   sequence of names of bits that are set.  The permitted bit names are   assigned by "bit" statements in YANG.   The representation is identical to the lexical representation of the   "bits" type; seeSection 9.7 in [RFC7950].6.6.  The "binary" Type   A "binary" value is represented as a JSON string -- base64 encoding   of arbitrary binary data.   The representation is identical to the lexical representation of the   "binary" type in XML; seeSection 9.8 in [RFC7950].6.7.  The "leafref" Type   A "leafref" value is represented using the same rules as the type of   the leaf to which the leafref value refers.6.8.  The "identityref" Type   An "identityref" value is represented as a string -- the name of an   identity.  If the identity is defined in a module other than the leaf   node containing the identityref value, the namespace-qualified form   (Section 4) MUST be used.  Otherwise, both the simple and namespace-   qualified forms are permitted.Lhotka                       Standards Track                   [Page 12]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 2016   For example, consider the following schematic module:   module example-mod {     ...     import ietf-interfaces {       prefix if;     }     ...     leaf type {       type identityref {         base "if:interface-type";       }     }   }   A valid instance of the "type" leaf is then encoded as follows:   "type": "iana-if-type:ethernetCsmacd"   The namespace identifier "iana-if-type" must be present in this case   because the "ethernetCsmacd" identity is not defined in the same   module as the "type" leaf.6.9.  The "empty" Type   An "empty" value is represented as "[null]", i.e., an array with the   "null" literal being its only element.  For the purposes of this   document, "[null]" is considered an atomic scalar value.   This encoding of the "empty" type was chosen instead of using simply   "null" in order to facilitate the use of empty leafs in common   programming languages where the "null" value of a member is treated   as if the member is not present.   Example: For the leaf definition   leaf foo {     type empty;   }   a valid instance is   "foo": [null]Lhotka                       Standards Track                   [Page 13]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 20166.10.  The "union" Type   A value of the "union" type is encoded as the value of any of the   member types.   When validating a value of the "union" type, the type information   conveyed by the JSON encoding MUST also be taken into account.  JSON   syntax thus provides additional means for resolving the member type   of the union that are not available in XML encoding.   For example, consider the following YANG definition:   leaf bar {     type union {       type uint16;       type string;     }   }   In RESTCONF [RESTCONF], it is possible to set the value of "bar" in   the following way when using the "application/yang.data+xml"   media type:   <bar>13.5</bar>   because the value may be interpreted as a string, i.e., the   second member type of the union.  When using the   "application/yang.data+json" media type, however, this is an error:   "bar": 13.5   In this case, the JSON encoding indicates that the value is supposed   to be a number rather than a string, and it is not a valid "uint16"   value.   Conversely, the value of   "bar": "1"   is to be interpreted as a string.Lhotka                       Standards Track                   [Page 14]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 20166.11.  The "instance-identifier" Type   An "instance-identifier" value is encoded as a string that is   analogical to the lexical representation in XML encoding; seeSection 9.13.2 in [RFC7950].  However, the encoding of namespaces in   instance-identifier values follows the rules stated inSection 4,   namely:   o  The leftmost (top-level) data node name is always in the      namespace-qualified form.   o  Any subsequent data node name is in the namespace-qualified form      if the node is defined in a module other than its parent node, and      the simple form is used otherwise.  This rule also holds for node      names appearing in predicates.   For example,   /ietf-interfaces:interfaces/interface[name='eth0']/ietf-ip:ipv4/ip   is a valid instance-identifier value because the data nodes   "interfaces", "interface", and "name" are defined in the module   "ietf-interfaces", whereas "ipv4" and "ip" are defined in "ietf-ip".7.  I-JSON Compliance   I-JSON [RFC7493] is a restricted profile of JSON that guarantees   maximum interoperability for protocols that use JSON in their   messages, no matter what JSON encoders/decoders are used in protocol   implementations.  The encoding defined in this document therefore   observes the I-JSON requirements and recommendations as closely as   possible.   In particular, the following properties are guaranteed:   o  Character encoding is UTF-8.   o  Member names within the same JSON object are always unique.   o  The order of JSON object members is never relied upon.   o  Numbers of any type supported by YANG can be exchanged reliably.      SeeSection 6.1 for details.   The JSON encoding defined in this document deviates from I-JSON only   in the representation of the "binary" type.  In order to remain   compatible with XML encoding, the base64 encoding scheme is used   (Section 6.6), whilst I-JSON recommends base64url instead.Lhotka                       Standards Track                   [Page 15]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 20168.  Security Considerations   This document defines an alternative encoding for data modeled in the   YANG data modeling language.  As such, it doesn't contribute any new   security issues beyond those discussed inSection 17 of [RFC7950].   This document defines no mechanisms for signing and encrypting data   modeled with YANG.  Under normal circumstances, data security and   integrity are guaranteed by the management protocol in use, such as   NETCONF [RFC6241] or RESTCONF [RESTCONF].  If this is not the case,   external mechanisms, such as Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS)   #7 [RFC2315] or JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE) [RFC7515]   [RFC7516], need to be considered.   JSON processing is rather different from XML, and JSON parsers may   thus suffer from different types of vulnerabilities than their XML   counterparts.  To minimize these new security risks, software on the   receiving side SHOULD reject all messages that do not comply with the   rules of this document and reply with an appropriate error message to   the sender.9.  References9.1.  Normative References   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate              Requirement Levels",BCP 14,RFC 2119,              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.   [RFC5234]  Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax              Specifications: ABNF", STD 68,RFC 5234,              DOI 10.17487/RFC5234, January 2008,              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5234>.   [RFC6241]  Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,              and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol              (NETCONF)",RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.   [RFC7159]  Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data              Interchange Format",RFC 7159, DOI 10.17487/RFC7159, March              2014, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7159>.   [RFC7493]  Bray, T., Ed., "The I-JSON Message Format",RFC 7493,              DOI 10.17487/RFC7493, March 2015,              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7493>.Lhotka                       Standards Track                   [Page 16]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 2016   [RFC7950]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language",RFC 7950, DOI 10.17487/RFC7950, August 2016,              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7950>.9.2.  Informative References   [IEEE754-2008]              IEEE, "IEEE Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic",              IEEE 754-2008, DOI 10.1109/IEEESTD.2008.4610935, 2008,              <http://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/754-2008.html>.   [RESTCONF] Bierman, A., Bjorklund, M., and K. Watsen, "RESTCONF              Protocol", Work in Progress,draft-ietf-netconf-restconf-16, August 2016.   [RFC2315]  Kaliski, B., "PKCS #7: Cryptographic Message Syntax              Version 1.5",RFC 2315, DOI 10.17487/RFC2315, March 1998,              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2315>.   [RFC6020]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for              the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)",RFC 6020,              DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010,              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.   [RFC7223]  Bjorklund, M., "A YANG Data Model for Interface              Management",RFC 7223, DOI 10.17487/RFC7223, May 2014,              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7223>.   [RFC7515]  Jones, M., Bradley, J., and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web              Signature (JWS)",RFC 7515, DOI 10.17487/RFC7515, May              2015, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7515>.   [RFC7516]  Jones, M. and J. Hildebrand, "JSON Web Encryption (JWE)",RFC 7516, DOI 10.17487/RFC7516, May 2015,              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7516>.   [RFC7952]  Lhotka, L., "Defining and Using Metadata with YANG",RFC 7952, DOI 10.17487/RFC7952, August 2016,              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7952>.   [XML]      Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, M., Maler, E., and              F. Yergeau, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth              Edition)", World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation              REC-xml-20081126, November 2008,              <http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126>.Lhotka                       Standards Track                   [Page 17]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 2016Appendix A.  A Complete Example   The JSON document shown below represents the same data as the reply   to the NETCONF <get> request appearing inAppendix D of [RFC7223].   The data model is a combination of two YANG modules:   "ietf-interfaces" and "ex-vlan" (the latter is an example module fromAppendix C of [RFC7223]).  The "if-mib" feature defined in the   "ietf-interfaces" module is supported.   {     "ietf-interfaces:interfaces": {       "interface": [         {           "name": "eth0",           "type": "iana-if-type:ethernetCsmacd",           "enabled": false         },         {           "name": "eth1",           "type": "iana-if-type:ethernetCsmacd",           "enabled": true,           "ex-vlan:vlan-tagging": true         },         {           "name": "eth1.10",           "type": "iana-if-type:l2vlan",           "enabled": true,           "ex-vlan:base-interface": "eth1",           "ex-vlan:vlan-id": 10         },         {           "name": "lo1",           "type": "iana-if-type:softwareLoopback",           "enabled": true         }       ]     },     "ietf-interfaces:interfaces-state": {       "interface": [         {           "name": "eth0",           "type": "iana-if-type:ethernetCsmacd",           "admin-status": "down",           "oper-status": "down",           "if-index": 2,           "phys-address": "00:01:02:03:04:05",           "statistics": {             "discontinuity-time": "2013-04-01T03:00:00+00:00"Lhotka                       Standards Track                   [Page 18]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 2016           }         },         {           "name": "eth1",           "type": "iana-if-type:ethernetCsmacd",           "admin-status": "up",           "oper-status": "up",           "if-index": 7,           "phys-address": "00:01:02:03:04:06",           "higher-layer-if": [             "eth1.10"           ],           "statistics": {             "discontinuity-time": "2013-04-01T03:00:00+00:00"           }         },         {           "name": "eth1.10",           "type": "iana-if-type:l2vlan",           "admin-status": "up",           "oper-status": "up",           "if-index": 9,           "lower-layer-if": [             "eth1"           ],           "statistics": {             "discontinuity-time": "2013-04-01T03:00:00+00:00"           }         },         {           "name": "eth2",           "type": "iana-if-type:ethernetCsmacd",           "admin-status": "down",           "oper-status": "down",           "if-index": 8,           "phys-address": "00:01:02:03:04:07",           "statistics": {             "discontinuity-time": "2013-04-01T03:00:00+00:00"           }         },         {           "name": "lo1",           "type": "iana-if-type:softwareLoopback",           "admin-status": "up",           "oper-status": "up",           "if-index": 1,           "statistics": {             "discontinuity-time": "2013-04-01T03:00:00+00:00"Lhotka                       Standards Track                   [Page 19]

RFC 7951               JSON Encoding of YANG Data            August 2016           }         }       ]     }   }Acknowledgements   The author wishes to thank Andy Bierman, Martin Bjorklund, Dean   Bogdanovic, Balazs Lengyel, Juergen Schoenwaelder, and Phil Shafer   for their helpful comments and suggestions.Author's Address   Ladislav Lhotka   CZ.NIC   Email: lhotka@nic.czLhotka                       Standards Track                   [Page 20]

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