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University of MichiganMiddle English Compendium

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    Language abbreviation key

    OE
    Old English

    Middle English Dictionary Entry

    dẹ̄men v.
    Quotations:Show allHide all

    Entry Info

    Formsdẹ̄men v. Also (rarely)deamen,di(e)men. Forms: p.dẹ̄mde,dẹ̄mede,dempte; ppl.i)dẹ̄med,dempt.
    EtymologyOEdēman

    Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

    1.
    (a)Law To pass judgment on (sb. or sth.); judge, adjudicate; (b) to render judgment, judge; -- with prep. phr.; (c)~ dom, to pass judgment, render a verdict, impose a sentence; also, sit in judgment, hold court.

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    2.
    (a) To judge (sb., sth.) adversely; criticize, censure, condemn; (b) to be critical or censorious, find fault.

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    3.
    (a) To sentence (sb.), impose a penalty upon; condemn to death; doom (sb.); (b)~ to dethe (bale), to sentence (sb.) to death (torture);~ to mendes, sentence to make amends;~ to dien (hongen), sentence to die (hang); etc.; (c) to impose or inflict (punishment on sb.); (d)fig. to condemn (sb.).

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    4a.
    (a) To act as judge or arbiter;~ after right, ~ truli, render fair judgment; (b)~ dom, ~ right, to pronounce judgment, arbitrate;~ laue, administer the law; (c) to judge (a contest); (d) to judge (contestants); try (sb.).

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    4b.
    To rule (a people) under the law of the land.

    Associated quotations

    5.
    To decide or agree (that sth. be done); also, render a decision, arbitrate.

    Associated quotations

    • c1275(?a1200)Lay.Brut(Clg A.9)460:Heo habbeð idemed [Otho: imaked] þat ich am duc ofer heom.
    • c1275(?a1200)Lay.Brut(Clg A.9)28242:Anæn swa he demen iherde of Modredes ðeðe [read: deðe], he nom nis swein [etc.].
    • (a1393)GowerCA(Frf 3)5.5152:The partie..hath diemed and ordeigned..That he schal have the halvendel..of Adrianes good.
    • (1399)RParl.3.452a:The Lordes in this Parlement..deme and ajuggen and decreen that [etc.].
    • (1419)Doc.inSur.Soc.8514:Thay..demed and awarded that the Tresorer and the person of Seint John kyrk..gar remove thayre pryves that standys upon the kynge's dyke.
    • c1438Contract inOSSLH 4196:The said arbitrours, takyng on ham the charge of the said arbitrement, awarde and iugement, awardede and demyd..that..Richard Fortescu and John Silverlok..sholde enfeffe the said Thomas.
    • (1450-4)Contract inOSSLH 4211:The which arbitrourz..demyd, awarded, and finally determynyd betwix ye seid Robert and Thomas, The which award, deme and determinacon ye seid Robert..hath bene redy..to kepe and performe.
    • (a1464)Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)159:The grete debate..was compromitted to the dom of the Kyng of Frauns, that whatsoevyr he dempt they schuld observe.
    6.
    Theol. Of Jesus: (a) to judge (mankind on Judgment Day); (b) to condemn or damn (sb.);~ to helle; -- withto phr. or inf. phr.; (c) of God: to pass judgment upon (sb. or sth.), judge.

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    7a.
    (a) To give an order or directions; order, direct;~ decre; also, give permission [quot.Pearl]; (b) to order (that sth. be done), decree; order or ask (sb. to do sth.); (c) to request or suggest (sth.); pray (to God); (d) to advise (sb.).

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    7b.
    To agree or consent (to do sth.).

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    8.
    Of God or destiny: (a) to ordain; ordain (sth.); ordain (sth. for sb.); (b) to destine (sb.).

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    9.
    (a) To prescribe or impose (a penalty); (b) to allot or assign (sth.); also, make an award (to sb.); (c) to prescribe (a treatment).

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    10.
    (a) To form a judgment or opinion, exercise one's judgment, judge;~ wel, judge properly;~ the best;~ kueadliche, to seem bad (to sb.);~ of, make an inference from (sth.); (b) to judge (sth.), estimate; infer (sth.); also, criticize, censure.

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    11.
    (a) To hold an opinion, assume, think; (b) to suppose or assume (sth.); presume, suspect, expect; think, believe, deem; (c) to expect or wish (sth.).

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    12.
    To regard (sth. as good, as a sin, etc.); deem (sb. lost, etc.); -- (a) with adj. complement orfor phr.; (b) with noun compl. or withas, for phr.; (c) with compl. inf.

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    13.
    (a) To express an opinion about something, argue; say, tell, relate, or describe (sth.);~ with, argue with (sb.);to ~ the soth, to tell the truth; (b) to give a name to (sth.).

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    14.
    (a) To perceive (sth.); (b) to discern, conceive, or know (sth.); discriminate or distinguish (between things); resolve (a doubt); (c) to interpret (sth.); determine (meaning); conclude (sth.); (d) to think about (sth.), imagine.

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    15.
    Ppl. Indicative, symptomatic.

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    Supplemental Materials (draft)

    • a1400Hit resteþ(Hrl 7322)2:Hit [poverty] resteþ and hit quemeþ, hit richeþ and hit demeþ.
      • Note:New sense: to test a person's virtue or fortitude, strengthen a person by trial.--per KC

    Supplemental Materials (draft)

    • ?c1400(1379)Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy(Roy 17.D.1)f.31ra (2.3):Þe pouce is more certeyn to deme of in þe lefte wirste þan in þe riȝt wirste.
    Note:?New sense. Editor's gloss:~ of 'to make a judgment about, to interpret'.

    Supplemental Materials (draft)

    Note:Correction: In sense 3.(b) in the phrase~ to dethe, the entry form isdeth (without final-e). TheCursor quot. hasded. If we maintainded as a separate entry fromdeth, shouldn't the phrase~ to ded be added?--per MJW
    Note:Correction: in sense 11.(c), the gloss does not reflect the syntax. In both quots., the direct object ofdemen is an infinitive or an infinitive phrase: "demen to have victorie" and "demen himself to lij Bi ysaac," not a noun or pronoun, as (sth.) implies.--per MJW

    ©2025 Regents of the University of Michigan. For details about this collection's copyright see theMEC copyright statement and theU-M Library Copyright Policy. Data last refreshed Tuesday, March 4, 2025 at 12:18:00.

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