File Operations¶

msvcrt.locking(fd,mode,nbytes)¶

Lock part of a file based on file descriptorfd from the C runtime. RaisesOSError on failure. The locked region of the file extends from thecurrent file position fornbytes bytes, and may continue beyond the end of thefile.mode must be one of theLK_* constants listed below. Multipleregions in a file may be locked at the same time, but may not overlap. Adjacentregions are not merged; they must be unlocked individually.

引發一個附帶引數fd、mode、nbytes 的稽核事件msvcrt.locking。

msvcrt.LK_LOCK¶

msvcrt.LK_RLCK¶

Locks the specified bytes. If the bytes cannot be locked, the programimmediately tries again after 1 second. If, after 10 attempts, the bytes cannotbe locked,OSError is raised.

msvcrt.LK_NBLCK¶

msvcrt.LK_NBRLCK¶

Locks the specified bytes. If the bytes cannot be locked,OSError israised.

msvcrt.LK_UNLCK¶

Unlocks the specified bytes, which must have been previously locked.

msvcrt.setmode(fd,flags)¶

Set the line-end translation mode for the file descriptorfd. To set it totext mode,flags should beos.O_TEXT; for binary, it should beos.O_BINARY.

msvcrt.open_osfhandle(handle,flags)¶

Create a C runtime file descriptor from the file handlehandle. Theflagsparameter should be a bitwise OR ofos.O_APPEND,os.O_RDONLY,os.O_TEXT andos.O_NOINHERIT.The returned file descriptor may be used as a parametertoos.fdopen() to create a file object.

The file descriptor is inheritable by default. Passos.O_NOINHERITflag to make it non inheritable.

引發一個附帶引數handle、flags 的稽核事件msvcrt.open_osfhandle。

msvcrt.get_osfhandle(fd)¶

Return the file handle for the file descriptorfd. RaisesOSError iffd is not recognized.

引發一個附帶引數fd 的稽核事件msvcrt.get_osfhandle。

Console I/O¶

msvcrt.kbhit()¶

Returns a nonzero value if a keypress is waiting to be read. Otherwise,return 0.

msvcrt.getch()¶

Read a keypress and return the resulting character as a byte string.Nothing is echoed to the console. This call will block if a keypressis not already available, but will not wait forEnter to bepressed. If the pressed key was a special function key, this willreturn'\000' or'\xe0'; the next call will return the keycode.TheControl-C keypress cannot be read with this function.

msvcrt.getwch()¶

Wide char variant ofgetch(), returning a Unicode value.

msvcrt.getche()¶

Similar togetch(), but the keypress will be echoed if it represents aprintable character.

msvcrt.getwche()¶

Wide char variant ofgetche(), returning a Unicode value.

msvcrt.putch(char)¶

Print the byte stringchar to the console without buffering.

msvcrt.putwch(unicode_char)¶

Wide char variant ofputch(), accepting a Unicode value.

msvcrt.ungetch(char)¶

Cause the byte stringchar to be "pushed back" into the console buffer;it will be the next character read bygetch() orgetche().

msvcrt.ungetwch(unicode_char)¶

Wide char variant ofungetch(), accepting a Unicode value.

Other Functions¶

msvcrt.heapmin()¶

Force themalloc() heap to clean itself up and return unused blocks tothe operating system. On failure, this raisesOSError.

msvcrt.set_error_mode(mode)¶

Changes the location where the C runtime writes an error message for an errorthat might end the program.mode must be one of theOUT_*constants listed below orREPORT_ERRMODE. Returns the old settingor -1 if an error occurs. Only available indebug build of Python.

msvcrt.OUT_TO_DEFAULT¶

Error sink is determined by the app's type. Only available indebug build of Python.

msvcrt.OUT_TO_STDERR¶

Error sink is a standard error. Only available indebug build of Python.

msvcrt.OUT_TO_MSGBOX¶

Error sink is a message box. Only available indebug build of Python.

msvcrt.REPORT_ERRMODE¶

Report the current error mode value. Only available indebug build of Python.

msvcrt.CrtSetReportMode(type,mode)¶

Specifies the destination or destinations for a specific report typegenerated by_CrtDbgReport() in the MS VC++ runtime.type must beone of theCRT_* constants listed below.mode must be one of theCRTDBG_* constants listed below. Only available indebug build of Python.

msvcrt.CrtSetReportFile(type,file)¶

After you useCrtSetReportMode() to specifyCRTDBG_MODE_FILE,you can specify the file handle to receive the message text.type must beone of theCRT_* constants listed below.file should be the filehandle your want specified. Only available indebug build of Python.

msvcrt.CRT_WARN¶

Warnings, messages, and information that doesn't need immediate attention.

msvcrt.CRT_ERROR¶

Errors, unrecoverable problems, and issues that require immediate attention.

msvcrt.CRT_ASSERT¶

Assertion failures.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_DEBUG¶

Writes the message to the debugger's output window.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_FILE¶

Writes the message to a user-supplied file handle.CrtSetReportFile()should be called to define the specific file or stream to use asthe destination.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_WNDW¶

Creates a message box to display the message along with theAbort,Retry, andIgnore buttons.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_REPORT_MODE¶

Returns currentmode for the specifiedtype.

msvcrt.CRT_ASSEMBLY_VERSION¶

The CRT Assembly version, from thecrtassem.h header file.

msvcrt.VC_ASSEMBLY_PUBLICKEYTOKEN¶

The VC Assembly public key token, from thecrtassem.h header file.

msvcrt.LIBRARIES_ASSEMBLY_NAME_PREFIX¶

The Libraries Assembly name prefix, from thecrtassem.h header file.