3.1.1.可選模組的需求¶

Someoptional modules of the standard libraryrequire third-party libraries installed for development(for example, header files must be available).

Missing requirements are reported in theconfigure output.Modules that are missing due to missing dependencies are listed near the endof themake output,sometimes using an internal name, for example,_ctypes forctypesmodule.

If you distribute a CPython interpreter without optional modules,it's best practice to advise users, who generally expect thatstandard library modules are available.

建置可選模組的依賴項目為：

Iflibmpdec is not available, thedecimal module will usea pure-Python implementation.See--with-system-libmpdec for details.

See--with-readline for choosing the backend for thereadline module.

Theuuid module uses_uuid to generate "safe" UUIDs.See the module documentation for details.

Thecurses module requires thelibncurses orlibncurseswlibrary.Thecurses.panel module additionally requires thelibpanel orlibpanelw library.

If OpenSSL is not available, thehashlib module will usebundled implementations of several hash functions.See--with-builtin-hashlib-hashes forforcing usage of OpenSSL.

Note that the table does not include all optional modules; in particular,platform-specific modules likewinreg are not listed here.

3.2.1.設定腳本¶

Themakeregen-configure command regenerates theaclocal.m4 file andtheconfigure script using theTools/build/regen-configure.sh shellscript which uses an Ubuntu container to get the same tools versions and have areproducible output.

The container is optional, the following command can be run locally:

autoreconf-ivf-Werror

The generated files can change depending on the exact versions of thetools used.The container that CPython uses hasAutoconf 2.72,aclocal fromAutomake 1.16.5,andpkg-config 1.8.1.

3.3.1.一般選項¶

--enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions¶

Support loadable extensions in the_sqlite extension module (defaultis no) of thesqlite3 module.

請見sqlite3 模組的sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension() 方法。

在 3.6 版被加入.

--disable-ipv6¶

停用 IPv6 支援（如果支援的話預設是啟用的），請見socket 模組。

--enable-big-digits=[15|30]¶

Define the size in bits of Pythonint digits: 15 or 30 bits.

By default, the digit size is 30.

將PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT 定義為15 或30。

參閱sys.int_info.bits_per_digit。

--with-suffix=SUFFIX¶

將 Python 執行檔的後綴設定為SUFFIX。

在 Windows 和 macOS 上預設的後綴是.exe （python.exe 執行檔）、在 Emscripten node 上為.js、在 Emscripten 瀏覽器為.html、在 WASI 上為.wasm，以及在其他平台為空字串（python 執行檔）。

在 3.11 版的變更:在 WASM 平台上預設的後綴是.js、.html 或.wasm 中的一個。

--with-tzpath=<listofabsolutepathsseparatedbypathsep>¶

Select the default time zone search path forzoneinfo.TZPATH.See theCompile-time configuration of thezoneinfo module.

預設值：/usr/share/zoneinfo:/usr/lib/zoneinfo:/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo:/etc/zoneinfo。

請見os.pathsep 路徑分隔符號。

在 3.9 版被加入.

--without-decimal-contextvar¶

Build the_decimal extension module using a thread-local context ratherthan a coroutine-local context (default), see thedecimal module.

請見decimal.HAVE_CONTEXTVAR 與contextvars 模組。

在 3.9 版被加入.

--with-dbmliborder=<listofbackendnames>¶

Override order to check db backends for thedbm module

A valid value is a colon (:) separated string with the backend names:

• ndbm;

• gdbm;

• bdb.

--without-c-locale-coercion¶

Disable C locale coercion to a UTF-8 based locale (enabled by default).

不要定義PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE 巨集。

請見PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE 與PEP 538。

--with-platlibdir=DIRNAME¶

Python 函式庫目錄名稱（預設為lib ）。

Fedora 和 SuSE 在 64 位元平台上使用lib64。

參閱sys.platlibdir。

在 3.9 版被加入.

--with-wheel-pkg-dir=PATH¶

Directory of wheel packages used by theensurepip module(none by default).

Some Linux distribution packaging policies recommend against bundlingdependencies. For example, Fedora installs wheel packages in the/usr/share/python-wheels/ directory and don't install theensurepip._bundled package.

在 3.10 版被加入.

--with-pkg-config=[check|yes|no]¶

Whether configure should usepkg-config to detect builddependencies.

• check（預設）：pkg-config 是可選的

• yes：pkg-config 是必要的

• no：即使存在也不使用pkg-config 來配置

在 3.11 版被加入.

--enable-pystats¶

Turn on internal Python performance statistics gathering.

By default, statistics gathering is off. Usepython3-Xpystats commandor setPYTHONSTATS=1 environment variable to turn on statisticsgathering at Python startup.

At Python exit, dump statistics if statistics gathering was on and notcleared.

效果：

• 新增-Xpystats 命令列選項。

• 新增PYTHONSTATS 環境變數。

• 定義Py_STATS 巨集。

• 新增函式到sys 模組。

  • sys._stats_on()：啟用統計資料收集。

  • sys._stats_off()：關閉統計資料收集。

  • sys._stats_clear()：清除統計資料。

  • sys._stats_dump()：將統計資料轉儲到檔案，並清除統計資料。

統計資料將被轉儲到/tmp/py_stats/ (Unix) 或C:\temp\py_stats\ (Windows) 中的任意（可能是唯一的）檔案。如果該目錄不存在，結果將被列印到 stderr。

使用Tools/scripts/summarize_stats.py 來讀取統計資料。

Statistics:

• Opcode:

  • Specialization: success, failure, hit, deferred, miss, deopt, failures;

  • Execution count;

  • Pair count.

• Call:

  • Inlined Python calls;

  • PyEval calls;

  • Frames pushed;

  • Frame object created;

  • Eval calls: vector, generator, legacy, function VECTORCALL, build class,slot, function "ex", API, method.

• 物件：

  • incref and decref;

  • interpreter incref and decref;

  • allocations: all, 512 bytes, 4 kiB, big;

  • free;

  • to/from free lists;

  • dictionary materialized/dematerialized;

  • type cache;

  • 最佳化嘗試；

  • optimization traces created/executed;

  • uops executed.

• 垃圾回收器：

  • 垃圾回收；

  • Objects visited;

  • Objects collected.

在 3.11 版被加入.

--disable-gil¶

Enables support for running Python without theglobal interpreterlock (GIL): free threading build.

Defines thePy_GIL_DISABLED macro and adds"t" tosys.abiflags.

SeeFree-threaded CPython for more detail.

在 3.13 版被加入.

--enable-experimental-jit=[no|yes|yes-off|interpreter]¶

Indicate how to integrate theexperimental just-in-time compiler.

• no: Don't build the JIT.

• yes: Enable the JIT. To disable it at runtime, set the environmentvariablePYTHON_JIT=0.

• yes-off: Build the JIT, but disable it by default. To enable it atruntime, set the environment variablePYTHON_JIT=1.

• interpreter: Enable the "JIT interpreter" (only useful for thosedebugging the JIT itself). To disable it at runtime, set the environmentvariablePYTHON_JIT=0.

--enable-experimental-jit=no is the default behavior if the option is notprovided, and--enable-experimental-jit is shorthand for--enable-experimental-jit=yes. SeeTools/jit/README.md for moreinformation, including how to install the necessary build-time dependencies.

備註

When building CPython with JIT enabled, ensure that your system has Python 3.11 or later installed.

在 3.13 版被加入.

PKG_CONFIG¶

Path topkg-config utility.

PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR¶

PKG_CONFIG_PATH¶

pkg-config 選項。

3.3.2.C 編譯器選項。¶

CC¶

C 編譯器指令。

CFLAGS¶

C 編譯器旗標。

CPP¶

C 預處理器指令。

CPPFLAGS¶

C 預處理器旗標，例如：-Iinclude_dir。

3.3.3.Linker options¶

LDFLAGS¶

Linker flags, e.g.-Llibrary_directory.

LIBS¶

Libraries to pass to the linker, e.g.-llibrary.

MACHDEP¶

Name for machine-dependent library files.

3.3.4.Options for third-party dependencies¶

BZIP2_CFLAGS¶

BZIP2_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags to link Python tolibbz2, used bybz2module, overridingpkg-config.

CURSES_CFLAGS¶

CURSES_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags forlibncurses orlibncursesw, used bycurses module, overridingpkg-config.

GDBM_CFLAGS¶

GDBM_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags forgdbm.

LIBEDIT_CFLAGS¶

LIBEDIT_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags forlibedit, used byreadline module,overridingpkg-config.

LIBFFI_CFLAGS¶

LIBFFI_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags forlibffi, used byctypes module,overridingpkg-config.

LIBMPDEC_CFLAGS¶

LIBMPDEC_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags forlibmpdec, used bydecimal module,overridingpkg-config.

備註

These environment variables have no effect unless--with-system-libmpdec is specified.

LIBLZMA_CFLAGS¶

LIBLZMA_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags forliblzma, used bylzma module,overridingpkg-config.

LIBREADLINE_CFLAGS¶

LIBREADLINE_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags forlibreadline, used byreadlinemodule, overridingpkg-config.

LIBSQLITE3_CFLAGS¶

LIBSQLITE3_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags forlibsqlite3, used bysqlite3module, overridingpkg-config.

LIBUUID_CFLAGS¶

LIBUUID_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags forlibuuid, used byuuid module,overridingpkg-config.

LIBZSTD_CFLAGS¶

LIBZSTD_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags forlibzstd, used bycompression.zstd module,overridingpkg-config.

在 3.14 版被加入.

PANEL_CFLAGS¶

PANEL_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for PANEL, overridingpkg-config.

C compiler and linker flags forlibpanel orlibpanelw, used bycurses.panel module, overridingpkg-config.

TCLTK_CFLAGS¶

TCLTK_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags for TCLTK, overridingpkg-config.

ZLIB_CFLAGS¶

ZLIB_LIBS¶

C compiler and linker flags forlibzlib, used bygzip module,overridingpkg-config.

3.3.5.WebAssembly 選項¶

--enable-wasm-dynamic-linking¶

Turn on dynamic linking support for WASM.

Dynamic linking enablesdlopen. File size of the executableincreases due to limited dead code elimination and additional features.

在 3.11 版被加入.

--enable-wasm-pthreads¶

Turn on pthreads support for WASM.

在 3.11 版被加入.

3.3.6.安裝選項¶

--prefix=PREFIX¶

Install architecture-independent files in PREFIX. On Unix, itdefaults to/usr/local.

這個值可以在 runtime 使用sys.prefix 取得。

As an example, one can use--prefix="$HOME/.local/" to installa Python in its home directory.

--exec-prefix=EPREFIX¶

Install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX, defaults to--prefix.

這個值可以在 runtime 使用sys.exec_prefix 取得

--disable-test-modules¶

Don't build nor install test modules, like thetest package or the_testcapi extension module (built and installed by default).

在 3.10 版被加入.

--with-ensurepip=[upgrade|install|no]¶

選擇在 Python 安裝時執行的ensurepip 命令：

• upgrade （預設）：執行python-mensurepip--altinstall--upgrade 命令。

• install：執行python-mensurepip--altinstall 命令；

• no：不要執行 ensurepip；

在 3.6 版被加入.

3.3.7.效能選項¶

Configuring Python using--enable-optimizations--with-lto (PGO + LTO) isrecommended for best performance. The experimental--enable-bolt flag canalso be used to improve performance.

--enable-optimizations¶

Enable Profile Guided Optimization (PGO) usingPROFILE_TASK(disabled by default).

The C compiler Clang requiresllvm-profdata program for PGO. OnmacOS, GCC also requires it: GCC is just an alias to Clang on macOS.

Disable also semantic interposition in libpython if--enable-shared andGCC is used: add-fno-semantic-interposition to the compiler and linkerflags.

備註

During the build, you may encounter compiler warnings aboutprofile data not being available for some source files.These warnings are harmless, as only a subset of the code is exercisedduring profile data acquisition.To disable these warnings on Clang, manually suppress them by adding-Wno-profile-instr-unprofiled toCFLAGS.

在 3.6 版被加入.

在 3.10 版的變更:在 GCC 上使用-fno-semantic-interposition。

PROFILE_TASK¶

Environment variable used in the Makefile: Python command line arguments forthe PGO generation task.

預設值：-mtest--pgo--timeout=$(TESTTIMEOUT)。

在 3.8 版被加入.

在 3.13 版的變更:Task failure is no longer ignored silently.

--with-lto=[full|thin|no|yes]¶

Enable Link Time Optimization (LTO) in any build (disabled by default).

The C compiler Clang requiresllvm-ar for LTO (ar on macOS), as wellas an LTO-aware linker (ld.gold orlld).

在 3.6 版被加入.

在 3.11 版被加入:To use ThinLTO feature, use--with-lto=thin on Clang.

在 3.12 版的變更:Use ThinLTO as the default optimization policy on Clang if the compiler accepts the flag.

--enable-bolt¶

Enable usage of theBOLT post-link binary optimizer (disabled bydefault).

BOLT is part of the LLVM project but is not always included in their binarydistributions. This flag requires thatllvm-bolt andmerge-fdataare available.

BOLT is still a fairly new project so this flag should be consideredexperimental for now. Because this tool operates on machine code its successis dependent on a combination of the build environment + the otheroptimization configure args + the CPU architecture, and not all combinationsare supported.BOLT versions before LLVM 16 are known to crash BOLT under some scenarios.Use of LLVM 16 or newer for BOLT optimization is strongly encouraged.

TheBOLT_INSTRUMENT_FLAGS andBOLT_APPLY_FLAGSconfigure variables can be defined to override the default set ofarguments forllvm-bolt to instrument and apply BOLT data tobinaries, respectively.

在 3.12 版被加入.

BOLT_APPLY_FLAGS¶

Arguments tollvm-bolt when creating aBOLT optimized binary.

在 3.12 版被加入.

BOLT_INSTRUMENT_FLAGS¶

Arguments tollvm-bolt when instrumenting binaries.

在 3.12 版被加入.

--with-computed-gotos¶

Enable computed gotos in evaluation loop (enabled by default on supportedcompilers).

--with-tail-call-interp¶

Enable interpreters using tail calls in CPython. If enabled, enabling PGO(--enable-optimizations) is highly recommended. This option specificallyrequires a C compiler with proper tail call support, and thepreserve_nonecalling convention. For example, Clang 19 and newer supports this feature.

在 3.14 版被加入.

--without-mimalloc¶

Disable the fastmimalloc allocator(enabled by default).

另請參閱PYTHONMALLOC 環境變數。

--without-pymalloc¶

Disable the specialized Python memory allocatorpymalloc(enabled by default).

另請參閱PYTHONMALLOC 環境變數。

--without-doc-strings¶

Disable static documentation strings to reduce the memory footprint (enabledby default). Documentation strings defined in Python are not affected.

不要定義WITH_DOC_STRINGS 巨集。

請見PyDoc_STRVAR() 巨集。

--enable-profiling¶

Enable C-level code profiling withgprof (disabled by default).

--with-strict-overflow¶

Add-fstrict-overflow to the C compiler flags (by default we add-fno-strict-overflow instead).

--without-remote-debug¶

Deactivate remote debugging support described inPEP 768 (enabled by default).When this flag is provided the code that allows the interpreter to schedule theexecution of a Python file in a separate process as described inPEP 768 isnot compiled. This includes both the functionality to schedule code to be executedand the functionality to receive code to be executed.

Py_REMOTE_DEBUG¶

This macro is defined by default, unless Python is configured with--without-remote-debug.

Note that even if the macro is defined, remote debugging may not beavailable (for example, on an incompatible platform).

在 3.14 版被加入.

3.3.8.Python Debug Build¶

A debug build is Python built with the--with-pydebug configureoption.

Effects of a debug build:

• Display all warnings by default: the list of default warning filters is emptyin thewarnings module.

• 新增d 到sys.abiflags。

• 新增sys.gettotalrefcount() 函式。

• 新增-Xshowrefcount 命令列選項。

• Add-d command line option andPYTHONDEBUG environmentvariable to debug the parser.

• Add support for the__lltrace__ variable: enable low-level tracing in thebytecode evaluation loop if the variable is defined.

• Installdebug hooks on memory allocatorsto detect buffer overflow and other memory errors.

• 定義Py_DEBUG 和Py_REF_DEBUG 巨集。

• Add runtime checks: code surrounded by#ifdefPy_DEBUG and#endif.Enableassert(...) and_PyObject_ASSERT(...) assertions: don't settheNDEBUG macro (see also the--with-assertions configureoption). Main runtime checks:

  • Add sanity checks on the function arguments.

  • Unicode and int objects are created with their memory filled with a patternto detect usage of uninitialized objects.

  • Ensure that functions which can clear or replace the current exception arenot called with an exception raised.

  • Check that deallocator functions don't change the current exception.

  • The garbage collector (gc.collect() function) runs some basic checkson objects consistency.

  • ThePy_SAFE_DOWNCAST() macro checks for integer underflow andoverflow when downcasting from wide types to narrow types.

See also thePython Development Mode and the--with-trace-refs configure option.

3.3.9.偵錯選項¶

--with-pydebug¶

以偵錯模式建置 Python：定義Py_DEBUG 巨集（預設不啟用）。

--with-trace-refs¶

以偵錯為目的啟用參照追蹤（預設不啟用）。

效果：

• 定義Py_TRACE_REFS 巨集。

• 新增sys.getobjects() 函式。

• 新增PYTHONDUMPREFS 環境變數。

PYTHONDUMPREFS 環境變數可以用來在 Python 結束時轉儲仍然有效的物件和參照計數。

不追蹤靜態配置的物件。

在 3.8 版被加入.

在 3.13 版的變更:這個建置現在與發佈版本建置和偵錯建置具有 ABI 相容性。

--with-assertions¶

啟用 C 斷言建置（預設不啟用）：assert(...); 和_PyObject_ASSERT(...);。

如果設定，NDEBUG 巨集不會在OPT 編譯器變數中定義。

另請參閱--with-pydebug 選項（debug build），它也啟用了斷言。

在 3.6 版被加入.

--with-valgrind¶

啟用 Valgrind 支援（預設不啟用）。

--with-dtrace¶

啟用 DTrace 支援（預設不啟用）。

請參閱使用 DTrace 和 SystemTap 檢測 CPython。

在 3.6 版被加入.

--with-address-sanitizer¶

Enable AddressSanitizer memory error detector,asan (default is no).To improve ASan detection capabilities you may also want to combine thiswith--without-pymalloc to disable the specialized small-objectallocator whose allocations are not tracked by ASan.

在 3.6 版被加入.

--with-memory-sanitizer¶

啟用 MemorySanitizer 分配錯誤偵測器msan（預設不啟用）。

在 3.6 版被加入.

--with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer¶

啟用 UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer 未定義行為偵測器ubsan（預設不啟用）。

在 3.6 版被加入.

--with-thread-sanitizer¶

啟用 ThreadSanitizer 資料競爭偵測器tsan（預設不啟用）。

在 3.13 版被加入.

3.3.10.Linker options¶

--enable-shared¶

啟用建置共享 Python 函式庫：libpython（預設不啟用）。

--without-static-libpython¶

不要建置libpythonMAJOR.MINOR.a 並且不要安裝python.o（預設會建置並啟用）。

在 3.10 版被加入.

3.3.11.函式庫選項¶

--with-libs='lib1...'¶

Link against additional libraries (default is no).

--with-system-expat¶

使用已安裝的expat 函式庫建置pyexpat 模組（預設不建置）。

--with-system-libmpdec¶

使用已安裝的mpdecimal 函式庫建置_decimal 擴充模組，請參閱decimal 模組（預設建置）。

在 3.3 版被加入.

在 3.13 版的變更:預設使用已安裝的mpdecimal 函式庫。

在 3.15 版的變更:A bundled copy of the library will no longer be selectedimplicitly if an installedmpdecimal library is not found.In Python 3.15 only, it can still be selected explicitly using--with-system-libmpdec=no or--without-system-libmpdec.

Deprecated since version 3.13, will be removed in version 3.16:Python 3.16 不再隨附mpdecimal 函式庫的原始碼副本。

也參考

LIBMPDEC_CFLAGS 和LIBMPDEC_LIBS。

--with-readline=readline|editline¶

Designate a backend library for thereadline module.

• readline: Use readline as the backend.

• editline: Use editline as the backend.

在 3.10 版被加入.

--without-readline¶

不要建置readline 模組（預設會建置）。

不要定義HAVE_LIBREADLINE 巨集。

在 3.10 版被加入.

--with-libm=STRING¶

Overridelibm math library toSTRING (default is system-dependent).

--with-libc=STRING¶

Overridelibc C library toSTRING (default is system-dependent).

--with-openssl=DIR¶

OpenSSL 目錄的根目錄。

在 3.7 版被加入.

--with-openssl-rpath=[no|auto|DIR]¶

Set runtime library directory (rpath) for OpenSSL libraries:

• no (default): don't set rpath;

• auto: auto-detect rpath from--with-openssl andpkg-config;

• DIR: set an explicit rpath.

在 3.10 版被加入.

3.3.12.安全性選項¶

--with-hash-algorithm=[fnv|siphash13|siphash24]¶

Select hash algorithm for use inPython/pyhash.c:

• siphash13（預設）；

• siphash24；

• fnv。

在 3.4 版被加入.

在 3.11 版被加入:siphash13 is added and it is the new default.

--with-builtin-hashlib-hashes=md5,sha1,sha256,sha512,sha3,blake2¶

內建雜湊模組：

• md5；

• sha1；

• sha256；

• sha512；

• sha3 (with shake);

• blake2。

在 3.9 版被加入.

--with-ssl-default-suites=[python|openssl|STRING]¶

Override the OpenSSL default cipher suites string:

• python (default): use Python's preferred selection;

• openssl: leave OpenSSL's defaults untouched;

• STRING: use a custom string

請見ssl 模組。

在 3.7 版被加入.

在 3.10 版的變更:The settingspython andSTRING also set TLS 1.2 as minimumprotocol version.

--disable-safety¶

Disable compiler options that arerecommended by OpenSSF for security reasons with no performance overhead.If this option is not enabled, CPython will be built based on safety compiler options with no slow down.When this option is enabled, CPython will not be built with the compiler options listed below.

The following compiler options are disabled with--disable-safety:

• -fstack-protector-strong: Enable run-time checks for stack-based buffer overflows.

• -Wtrampolines: Enable warnings about trampolines that require executable stacks.

在 3.14 版被加入.

--enable-slower-safety¶

Enable compiler options that arerecommended by OpenSSF for security reasons which require overhead.If this option is not enabled, CPython will not be built based on safety compiler options which performance impact.When this option is enabled, CPython will be built with the compiler options listed below.

The following compiler options are enabled with--enable-slower-safety:

• -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=3: Fortify sources with compile- and run-time checks for unsafe libc usage and buffer overflows.

在 3.14 版被加入.

3.3.13.macOS 選項¶

參閱Mac/README.rst。

--enable-universalsdk¶

--enable-universalsdk=SDKDIR¶

Create a universal binary build.SDKDIR specifies which macOS SDK shouldbe used to perform the build (default is no).

--enable-framework¶

--enable-framework=INSTALLDIR¶

Create a Python.framework rather than a traditional Unix install. OptionalINSTALLDIR specifies the installation path (default is no).

--with-universal-archs=ARCH¶

Specify the kind of universal binary that should be created. This option isonly valid when--enable-universalsdk is set.

選項：

• universal2（x86-64 與 arm64）；

• 32-bit（PPC 與 i386）；

• 64-bit（PPC64 與 x86-64）；

• 3-way（i386、PPC 與 x86-64）；

• intel（i386 與 x86-64）；

• intel-32（i386）；

• intel-64（x86-64）；

• all（PPC、i386、PPC64 與 x86-64）。

Note that values for this configuration item arenot the same as theidentifiers used for universal binary wheels on macOS. See the PythonPackaging User Guide for details on thepackaging platform compatibilitytags used on macOS

--with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK¶

Specify the name for the python framework on macOS only valid when--enable-framework is set (default:Python).

--with-app-store-compliance¶

--with-app-store-compliance=PATCH-FILE¶

The Python standard library contains strings that are known to triggerautomated inspection tool errors when submitted for distribution bythe macOS and iOS App Stores. If enabled, this option will apply the list ofpatches that are known to correct app store compliance. A custom patchfile can also be specified. This option is disabled by default.

在 3.13 版被加入.

3.3.14.iOS 選項¶

參閱iOS/README.rst。

--enable-framework=INSTALLDIR¶

Create a Python.framework. Unlike macOS, theINSTALLDIR argumentspecifying the installation path is mandatory.

--with-framework-name=FRAMEWORK¶

指定框架的名稱（預設值：Python）。

3.3.15.Cross Compiling Options¶

Cross compiling, also known as cross building, can be used to build Pythonfor another CPU architecture or platform. Cross compiling requires a Pythoninterpreter for the build platform. The version of the build Python must matchthe version of the cross compiled host Python.

--build=BUILD¶

configure for building on BUILD, usually guessed byconfig.guess.

--host=HOST¶

cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST (target platform)

--with-build-python=path/to/python¶

path to buildpython binary for cross compiling

在 3.11 版被加入.

CONFIG_SITE=file¶

An environment variable that points to a file with configure overrides.

範例config.site 檔案：

# config.site-aarch64ac_cv_buggy_getaddrinfo=noac_cv_file__dev_ptmx=yesac_cv_file__dev_ptc=no

HOSTRUNNER¶

Program to run CPython for the host platform for cross-compilation.

在 3.11 版被加入.

Cross compiling example:

CONFIG_SITE=config.site-aarch64../configure\--build=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu\--host=aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu\--with-build-python=../x86_64/python

3.4.1.建置系統的主要檔案¶

• configure.ac =>configure；

• Makefile.pre.in =>Makefile（由configure 建立）；

• pyconfig.h（由configure 建立）；

• Modules/Setup: C extensions built by the Makefile usingModule/makesetup shell script;

3.4.2.主要建置步驟¶

• C 檔案（.c）被建置為目的檔（.o）。

• A staticlibpython library (.a) is created from objects files.

• python.o and the staticlibpython library are linked into thefinalpython program.

• C extensions are built by the Makefile (seeModules/Setup).

3.4.3.主要 Makefile 目標¶

3.4.4.C 擴充模組¶

Some C extensions are built as built-in modules, like thesys module.They are built with thePy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN macro defined.Built-in modules have no__file__ attribute:

>>>importsys>>>sys<module 'sys' (built-in)>>>>sys.__file__Traceback (most recent call last):  File"<stdin>", line1, in<module>AttributeError:module 'sys' has no attribute '__file__'

Other C extensions are built as dynamic libraries, like the_asyncio module.They are built with thePy_BUILD_CORE_MODULE macro defined.Example on Linux x86-64:

>>>import_asyncio>>>_asyncio<module '_asyncio' from '/usr/lib64/python3.9/lib-dynload/_asyncio.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'>>>>_asyncio.__file__'/usr/lib64/python3.9/lib-dynload/_asyncio.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'

Modules/Setup is used to generate Makefile targets to build C extensions.At the beginning of the files, C extensions are built as built-in modules.Extensions defined after the*shared* marker are built as dynamic libraries.

ThePyAPI_FUNC(),PyAPI_DATA() andPyMODINIT_FUNC macros ofInclude/exports.h are defineddifferently depending if thePy_BUILD_CORE_MODULE macro is defined:

• 如果定義了Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE，則使用Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL

• 否則使用Py_IMPORTED_SYMBOL。

If thePy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN macro is used by mistake on a C extensionbuilt as a shared library, itsPyInit_xxx() function is not exported,causing anImportError on import.

3.5.1.預處理器旗標¶

CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS¶

Value ofCPPFLAGS variable passed to the./configure script.

在 3.6 版被加入.

CPPFLAGS¶

(Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g.-Iinclude_dir if you haveheaders in a nonstandard directoryinclude_dir.

BothCPPFLAGS andLDFLAGS need to contain the shell'svalue to be able to build extension modules using thedirectories specified in the environment variables.

BASECPPFLAGS¶

在 3.4 版被加入.

PY_CPPFLAGS¶

Extra preprocessor flags added for building the interpreter object files.

Default:$(BASECPPFLAGS)-I.-I$(srcdir)/Include$(CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS)$(CPPFLAGS).

在 3.2 版被加入.

3.5.2.編譯器旗標¶

CC¶

C 編譯器指令。

範例：gcc-pthread。

CXX¶

C++ 編譯器指令。

範例：g++-pthread。

CFLAGS¶

C 編譯器旗標。

CFLAGS_NODIST¶

CFLAGS_NODIST is used for building the interpreter and stdlib Cextensions. Use it when a compiler flag shouldnot be part ofCFLAGS once Python is installed (gh-65320).

In particular,CFLAGS should not contain:

• the compiler flag-I (for setting the search path for include files).The-I flags are processed from left to right, and any flags inCFLAGS would take precedence over user- and package-supplied-Iflags.

• hardening flags such as-Werror because distributions cannot controlwhether packages installed by users conform to such heightenedstandards.

在 3.5 版被加入.

COMPILEALL_OPTS¶

Options passed to thecompileall command line when building PYC filesinmakeinstall. Default:-j0.

在 3.12 版被加入.

EXTRA_CFLAGS¶

額外的 C 編譯器旗標。

CONFIGURE_CFLAGS¶

Value ofCFLAGS variable passed to the./configurescript.

在 3.2 版被加入.

CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST¶

Value ofCFLAGS_NODIST variable passed to the./configurescript.

在 3.5 版被加入.

BASECFLAGS¶

基本編譯器旗標。

OPT¶

最佳化旗標。

CFLAGS_ALIASING¶

Strict or non-strict aliasing flags used to compilePython/dtoa.c.

在 3.7 版被加入.

CCSHARED¶

用於建置共享函式庫的編譯器旗標。

例如說-fPIC 被使用於 Linux 與 BSD 上。

CFLAGSFORSHARED¶

用於建置直譯器目的檔的額外 C 旗標。

預設值：當使用--enable-shared 時為$(CCSHARED)，否則為空字串。

PY_CFLAGS¶

預設值：$(BASECFLAGS)$(OPT)$(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS)$(CFLAGS)$(EXTRA_CFLAGS)。

PY_CFLAGS_NODIST¶

預設值：$(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST)$(CFLAGS_NODIST)-I$(srcdir)/Include/internal。

在 3.5 版被加入.

PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS¶

用於建置直譯器目的檔的 C 旗標。

預設值：$(PY_CFLAGS)$(PY_CFLAGS_NODIST)$(PY_CPPFLAGS)$(CFLAGSFORSHARED)。

在 3.7 版被加入.

PY_CORE_CFLAGS¶

預設值：$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS)-DPy_BUILD_CORE。

在 3.2 版被加入.

PY_BUILTIN_MODULE_CFLAGS¶

Compiler flags to build a standard library extension module as a built-inmodule, like theposix module.

預設值：$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS)-DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN。

在 3.8 版被加入.

PURIFY¶

Purify command. Purify is a memory debugger program.

預設值：空字串（未使用）。

3.5.3.Linker flags¶

LINKCC¶

Linker command used to build programs likepython and_testembed.

預設值：$(PURIFY)$(CC)。

CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS¶

Value ofLDFLAGS variable passed to the./configure script.

Avoid assigningCFLAGS,LDFLAGS, etc. so users can usethem on the command line to append to these values without stomping thepre-set values.

在 3.2 版被加入.

LDFLAGS_NODIST¶

LDFLAGS_NODIST is used in the same manner asCFLAGS_NODIST. Use it when a linker flag shouldnot be part ofLDFLAGS once Python is installed (gh-65320).

In particular,LDFLAGS should not contain:

• the compiler flag-L (for setting the search path for libraries).The-L flags are processed from left to right, and any flags inLDFLAGS would take precedence over user- and package-supplied-Lflags.

CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST¶

Value ofLDFLAGS_NODIST variable passed to the./configurescript.

在 3.8 版被加入.

LDFLAGS¶

Linker flags, e.g.-Llib_dir if you have libraries in a nonstandarddirectorylib_dir.

BothCPPFLAGS andLDFLAGS need to contain the shell'svalue to be able to build extension modules using thedirectories specified in the environment variables.

LIBS¶

Linker flags to pass libraries to the linker when linking the Pythonexecutable.

範例：-lrt。

LDSHARED¶

建置共享函式庫的指令。

預設值：@LDSHARED@$(PY_LDFLAGS)。

BLDSHARED¶

建置libpython 共享函式庫的指令。

預設值：@BLDSHARED@$(PY_CORE_LDFLAGS)。

PY_LDFLAGS¶

預設值：$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS)$(LDFLAGS)。

PY_LDFLAGS_NODIST¶

預設值：$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST)$(LDFLAGS_NODIST)。

在 3.8 版被加入.

PY_CORE_LDFLAGS¶

Linker flags used for building the interpreter object files.

在 3.8 版被加入.

註腳

gitclean-fdx is an even more extreme way to "clean" yourcheckout. It removes all files not known to Git.When bug hunting usinggitbisect, this isrecommended between probesto guarantee a completely clean build.Use with care, as itwill delete all files not checked into Git, including yournew, uncommitted work.