引入模組

PyObject*PyImport_ImportModule(constchar*name)
回傳值：新的參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分.

This is a wrapper aroundPyImport_Import() which takes aconstchar* as an argument instead of aPyObject*.

PyObject*PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock(constchar*name)
回傳值：新的參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分.

This function is a deprecated alias ofPyImport_ImportModule().

在 3.3 版的變更:This function used to fail immediately when the import lock was heldby another thread. In Python 3.3 though, the locking scheme switchedto per-module locks for most purposes, so this function's specialbehaviour isn't needed anymore.

Deprecated since version 3.13, will be removed in version 3.15:請改用PyImport_ImportModule()。

PyObject*PyImport_ImportModuleEx(constchar*name,PyObject*globals,PyObject*locals,PyObject*fromlist)
回傳值：新的參照。

Import a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in Pythonfunction__import__().

The return value is a new reference to the imported module or top-levelpackage, orNULL with an exception set on failure. Like for__import__(), the return value when a submodule of a package wasrequested is normally the top-level package, unless a non-emptyfromlistwas given.

Failing imports remove incomplete module objects, like withPyImport_ImportModule().

PyObject*PyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject(PyObject*name,PyObject*globals,PyObject*locals,PyObject*fromlist,intlevel)
回傳值：新的參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.7 版本開始.

Import a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in Pythonfunction__import__(), as the standard__import__() function callsthis function directly.

The return value is a new reference to the imported module or top-level package,orNULL with an exception set on failure. Like for__import__(),the return value when a submodule of a package was requested is normally thetop-level package, unless a non-emptyfromlist was given.

在 3.3 版被加入.

PyObject*PyImport_ImportModuleLevel(constchar*name,PyObject*globals,PyObject*locals,PyObject*fromlist,intlevel)
回傳值：新的參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分.

Similar toPyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject(), but the name is aUTF-8 encoded string instead of a Unicode object.

在 3.3 版的變更:Negative values forlevel are no longer accepted.

PyObject*PyImport_Import(PyObject*name)
回傳值：新的參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分.

This is a higher-level interface that calls the current "import hookfunction" (with an explicitlevel of 0, meaning absolute import). Itinvokes the__import__() function from the__builtins__ of thecurrent globals. This means that the import is done using whatever importhooks are installed in the current environment.

This function always uses absolute imports.

PyObject*PyImport_ReloadModule(PyObject*m)
回傳值：新的參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分.

Reload a module. Return a new reference to the reloaded module, orNULL withan exception set on failure (the module still exists in this case).

PyObject*PyImport_AddModuleRef(constchar*name)
回傳值：新的參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.13 版本開始.

Return the module object corresponding to a module name.

Thename argument may be of the formpackage.module. First check themodules dictionary if there's one there, and if not, create a new one andinsert it in the modules dictionary.

Return astrong reference to the module on success. ReturnNULLwith an exception set on failure.

The module namename is decoded from UTF-8.

This function does not load or import the module; if the module wasn'talready loaded, you will get an empty module object. UsePyImport_ImportModule() or one of its variants to import a module.Package structures implied by a dotted name forname are not created ifnot already present.

在 3.13 版被加入.

PyObject*PyImport_AddModuleObject(PyObject*name)
回傳值：借用參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.7 版本開始.

Similar toPyImport_AddModuleRef(), but return aborrowedreference andname is a Pythonstr object.

在 3.3 版被加入.

PyObject*PyImport_AddModule(constchar*name)
回傳值：借用參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分.

Similar toPyImport_AddModuleRef(), but return aborrowedreference.

PyObject*PyImport_ExecCodeModule(constchar*name,PyObject*co)
回傳值：新的參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分.

Given a module name (possibly of the formpackage.module) and a code objectread from a Python bytecode file or obtained from the built-in functioncompile(), load the module. Return a new reference to the module object,orNULL with an exception set if an error occurred.nameis removed fromsys.modules in error cases, even ifname was alreadyinsys.modules on entry toPyImport_ExecCodeModule(). Leavingincompletely initialized modules insys.modules is dangerous, as imports ofsuch modules have no way to know that the module object is an unknown (andprobably damaged with respect to the module author's intents) state.

The module's__spec__ and__loader__ will beset, if not set already, with the appropriate values. The spec's loaderwill be set to the module's__loader__ (if set) and to an instanceofSourceFileLoader otherwise.

The module's__file__ attribute will be set to the codeobject'sco_filename. If applicable,__cached__ will also be set.

This function will reload the module if it was already imported. SeePyImport_ReloadModule() for the intended way to reload a module.

Ifname points to a dotted name of the formpackage.module, any packagestructures not already created will still not be created.

See alsoPyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx() andPyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames().

在 3.12 版的變更:The setting of__cached__ and__loader__is deprecated. SeeModuleSpec foralternatives.

PyObject*PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx(constchar*name,PyObject*co,constchar*pathname)
回傳值：新的參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分.

LikePyImport_ExecCodeModule(), but the__file__attribute of the module object is set topathname if it is non-NULL.

也請見PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames()。

PyObject*PyImport_ExecCodeModuleObject(PyObject*name,PyObject*co,PyObject*pathname,PyObject*cpathname)
回傳值：新的參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.7 版本開始.

LikePyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx(), but the__cached__attribute of the module object is set tocpathname if it isnon-NULL. Of the three functions, this is the preferred one to use.

在 3.3 版被加入.

在 3.12 版的變更:Setting__cached__ is deprecated. SeeModuleSpec for alternatives.

PyObject*PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames(constchar*name,PyObject*co,constchar*pathname,constchar*cpathname)
回傳值：新的參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分.

LikePyImport_ExecCodeModuleObject(), butname,pathname andcpathname are UTF-8 encoded strings. Attempts are also made to figure outwhat the value forpathname should be fromcpathname if the former isset toNULL.

在 3.2 版被加入.

在 3.3 版的變更:Usesimp.source_from_cache() in calculating the source path ifonly the bytecode path is provided.

在 3.12 版的變更:不再使用已被移除的imp 模組。

longPyImport_GetMagicNumber()
為穩定 ABI 的一部分.

Return the magic number for Python bytecode files (a.k.a..pyc file).The magic number should be present in the first four bytes of the bytecodefile, in little-endian byte order. Returns-1 on error.

在 3.3 版的變更:當失敗時回傳-1。

constchar*PyImport_GetMagicTag()
為穩定 ABI 的一部分.

Return the magic tag string forPEP 3147 format Python bytecode filenames. Keep in mind that the value atsys.implementation.cache_tag isauthoritative and should be used instead of this function.

在 3.2 版被加入.

PyObject*PyImport_GetModuleDict()
回傳值：借用參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分.

Return the dictionary used for the module administration (a.k.a.sys.modules). Note that this is a per-interpreter variable.

PyObject*PyImport_GetModule(PyObject*name)
回傳值：新的參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.8 版本開始.

Return the already imported module with the given name. If themodule has not been imported yet then returnsNULL but does not setan error. ReturnsNULL and sets an error if the lookup failed.

在 3.7 版被加入.

PyObject*PyImport_GetImporter(PyObject*path)
回傳值：新的參照。 為穩定 ABI 的一部分.

Return a finder object for asys.path/pkg.__path__ itempath, possibly by fetching it from thesys.path_importer_cachedict. If it wasn't yet cached, traversesys.path_hooks until a hookis found that can handle the path item. ReturnNone if no hook could;this tells our caller that thepath based finder could not find afinder for this path item. Cache the result insys.path_importer_cache.Return a new reference to the finder object.

intPyImport_ImportFrozenModuleObject(PyObject*name)
為穩定 ABI 的一部分 自 3.7 版本開始.

Load a frozen module namedname. Return1 for success,0 if themodule is not found, and-1 with an exception set if the initializationfailed. To access the imported module on a successful load, usePyImport_ImportModule(). (Note the misnomer --- this function wouldreload the module if it was already imported.)

在 3.3 版被加入.

在 3.4 版的變更:The__file__ attribute is no longer set on the module.

intPyImport_ImportFrozenModule(constchar*name)
為穩定 ABI 的一部分.

Similar toPyImport_ImportFrozenModuleObject(), but the name is aUTF-8 encoded string instead of a Unicode object.

struct_frozen

This is the structure type definition for frozen module descriptors, asgenerated by thefreeze utility (seeTools/freeze/ in thePython source distribution). Its definition, found inInclude/import.h,is:

struct_frozen{constchar*name;constunsignedchar*code;intsize;boolis_package;};

在 3.11 版的變更:The newis_package field indicates whether the module is a package or not.This replaces setting thesize field to a negative value.

conststruct_frozen*PyImport_FrozenModules

This pointer is initialized to point to an array of_frozenrecords, terminated by one whose members are allNULL or zero. When a frozenmodule is imported, it is searched in this table. Third-party code could playtricks with this to provide a dynamically created collection of frozen modules.

intPyImport_AppendInittab(constchar*name,PyObject*(*initfunc)(void))
為穩定 ABI 的一部分.

Add a single module to the existing table of built-in modules. This is aconvenience wrapper aroundPyImport_ExtendInittab(), returning-1 ifthe table could not be extended. The new module can be imported by the namename, and uses the functioninitfunc as the initialization function calledon the first attempted import. This should be called beforePy_Initialize().

struct_inittab

Structure describing a single entry in the list of built-in modules.Programs whichembed Python may use an array of these structures in conjunction withPyImport_ExtendInittab() to provide additional built-in modules.The structure consists of two members:

constchar*name

The module name, as an ASCII encoded string.

PyObject*(*initfunc)(void)

Initialization function for a module built into the interpreter.

intPyImport_ExtendInittab(struct_inittab*newtab)

Add a collection of modules to the table of built-in modules. Thenewtabarray must end with a sentinel entry which containsNULL for thenamefield; failure to provide the sentinel value can result in a memory fault.Returns0 on success or-1 if insufficient memory could be allocated toextend the internal table. In the event of failure, no modules are added to theinternal table. This must be called beforePy_Initialize().

If Python is initialized multiple times,PyImport_AppendInittab() orPyImport_ExtendInittab() must be called before each Pythoninitialization.