沿革與授權

軟體沿革

Python 是由荷蘭數學和計算機科學研究學會(CWI,見https://www.cwi.nl)的 Guido van Rossum 於 1990 年代早期所創造,目的是作為一種稱為 ABC 語言的後繼者。儘管 Python 包含了許多來自其他人的貢獻,Guido 仍是其主要作者。

1995 年,Guido 在維吉尼亞州雷斯頓的國家創新研究公司(CNRI,見https://www.cnri.reston.va.us)繼續他在 Python 的工作,並在那裡發佈了該軟體的多個版本。

2000 年五月,Guido 和 Python 核心開發團隊轉移到 BeOpen.com 並成立了 BeOpen PythonLabs 團隊。同年十月,PythonLabs 團隊轉移到 Digital Creations,後來成為 Zope Corporation。2001 年,Python 軟體基金會(PSF,見https://www.python.org/psf/)成立,這是一個專為擁有 Python 相關的智慧財產權而創立的非營利組織。Zope Corporation 過去是 PSF 的一個贊助會員。

所有的 Python 版本都是開源的(有關開源的定義,參閱https://opensource.org)。歷史上,大多數但非全部的 Python 版本,也是 GPL 相容的;以下表格總結各個版本的差異。

發佈版本

源自

年份

擁有者

GPL 相容性? (1)

0.9.0 至 1.2

不適用

1991-1995

CWI

1.3 至 1.5.2

1.2

1995-1999

CNRI

1.6

1.5.2

2000

CNRI

2.0

1.6

2000

BeOpen.com

1.6.1

1.6

2001

CNRI

是 (2)

2.1

2.0+1.6.1

2001

PSF

2.0.1

2.0+1.6.1

2001

PSF

2.1.1

2.1+2.0.1

2001

PSF

2.1.2

2.1.1

2002

PSF

2.1.3

2.1.2

2002

PSF

2.2 以上

2.1.1

2001 至今

PSF

備註

  1. GPL 相容並不表示我們是在 GPL 下發佈 Python。不像 GPL,所有的 Python 授權都可以讓你發佈修改後的版本,但不一定要使你的變更成為開源。GPL 相容的授權使得 Python 可以結合其他在 GPL 下發佈的軟體一起使用;但其它的授權則不行。

  2. 根據 Richard Stallman 的說法,1.6.1 不是 GPL 相容的,因為其授權有一個法律選擇條款。然而根據 CNRI 的說法,Stallman 的律師告訴 CNRI 的律師,1.6.1 與 GPL「不相容」。

感謝許多的外部志工,在 Guido 指導下的付出,使得這些版本的發佈成為可能。

關於存取或以其他方式使用 Python 的合約條款

Python 軟體和說明文件的授權是基於 Python 軟體基金會授權第二版 (Python Software Foundation License Version 2)。

從 Python 3.8.6 開始,說明文件中的範例、程式庫和其他程式碼,是被雙重授權 (dual licensed) 於 PSF 授權第二版以及Zero-Clause BSD 授權

有些被納入 Python 中的軟體是基於不同的授權。這些授權將會與其授權之程式碼一起被列出。關於這些授權的不完整清單,請參閱被收錄軟體的授權與致謝

PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2

1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation ("PSF"), and   the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using this   software ("Python") in source or binary form and its associated documentation.2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby   grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,   analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,   distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative   version, provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of   copyright, i.e., "Copyright © 2001-2024 Python Software Foundation; All Rights   Reserved" are retained in Python alone or in any derivative version   prepared by Licensee.3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or   incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make the   derivative work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby   agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python.4. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS" basis.   PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.  BY WAY OF   EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR   WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE   USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON   FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF   MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON, OR ANY DERIVATIVE   THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of   its terms and conditions.7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship   of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and Licensee.  This License   Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF trademarks or trade name in a   trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any   third party.8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee agrees   to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.

BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0

BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1

1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an office at   160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the Individual or Organization   ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using this software in source or binary   form and its associated documentation ("the Software").2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License Agreement,   BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license   to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative   works, distribute, and otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative   version, provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the   Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.3. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS" basis.   BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.  BY WAY OF   EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR   WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE   USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.4. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE SOFTWARE FOR   ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF USING,   MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF   ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.5. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of   its terms and conditions.6. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all respects   by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of law provisions.   Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of   agency, partnership, or joint venture between BeOpen and Licensee.  This License   Agreement does not grant permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a   trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any   third party.  As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at   http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the permissions   granted on that web page.7. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee agrees to be   bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.

CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1

1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National Research   Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive, Reston, VA 20191   ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and   otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in source or binary form and its   associated documentation.2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI hereby   grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,   analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,   distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version,   provided, however, that CNRI's License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright,   i.e., "Copyright © 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All   Rights Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative version   prepared by Licensee.  Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License Agreement,   Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the quotes): "Python 1.6.1   is made available subject to the terms and conditions in CNRI's License   Agreement.  This Agreement together with Python 1.6.1 may be located on the   internet using the following unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle):   1895.22/1013.  This Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the   internet using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013".3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or   incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make the derivative   work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby agrees to   include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python 1.6.1.4. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS" basis.  CNRI   MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED.  BY WAY OF EXAMPLE,   BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY   OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF   PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.5. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 1.6.1 FOR   ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF   MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1, OR ANY DERIVATIVE   THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of   its terms and conditions.7. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal intellectual property   law of the United States, including without limitation the federal copyright   law, and, to the extent such U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the   Commonwealth of Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions.   Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based on Python   1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was previously distributed   under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the law of the Commonwealth of   Virginia shall govern this License Agreement only as to issues arising under or   with respect to Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement.  Nothing in   this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of agency,   partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee.  This License Agreement   does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or trade name in a trademark   sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any third   party.8. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying, installing   or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be bound by the terms and   conditions of this License Agreement.

CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2

Copyright © 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam, TheNetherlands.  All rights reserved.Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and itsdocumentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, provided thatthe above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyrightnotice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and thatthe name of Stichting Mathematisch Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising orpublicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, writtenprior permission.STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THISSOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NOEVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECTOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE,DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUSACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THISSOFTWARE.

ZERO-CLAUSE BSD LICENSE FOR CODE IN THE PYTHON DOCUMENTATION

Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for anypurpose with or without fee is hereby granted.THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITHREGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITYAND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROMLOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OROTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE ORPERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

被收錄軟體的授權與致謝

本節是一個不完整但持續增加的授權與致謝清單,對象是在 Python 發佈版本中所收錄的第三方軟體。

Mersenne Twister

random 模組底下的_random C 擴充程式包含了以http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/MT2002/emt19937ar.html 的下載內容為基礎的程式碼。以下是原始程式碼的完整聲明:

A C-program for MT19937, with initialization improved 2002/1/26.Coded by Takuji Nishimura and Makoto Matsumoto.Before using, initialize the state by using init_genrand(seed)or init_by_array(init_key, key_length).Copyright (C) 1997 - 2002, Makoto Matsumoto and Takuji Nishimura,All rights reserved.Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or withoutmodification, are permitted provided that the following conditionsare met: 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 3. The names of its contributors may not be used to endorse or promote    products derived from this software without specific prior written    permission.THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOTLIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FORA PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER ORCONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, ORPROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OFLIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDINGNEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THISSOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.Any feedback is very welcome.http://www.math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/~m-mat/MT/emt.htmlemail: m-mat @ math.sci.hiroshima-u.ac.jp (remove space)

Sockets

socket 模組使用getaddrinfo()getnameinfo() 函式,它們在 WIDE 專案(https://www.wide.ad.jp/)內,於不同的原始檔案中被編碼:

Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.All rights reserved.Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or withoutmodification, are permitted provided that the following conditionsare met:1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software   without specific prior written permission.THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" ANDANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THEIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSEARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLEFOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIALDAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODSOR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICTLIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAYOUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OFSUCH DAMAGE.

非同步 socket 服務

test.support.asynchattest.support.asyncore 模組包含以下聲明:

Copyright 1996 by Sam Rushing                        All Rights ReservedPermission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software andits documentation for any purpose and without fee is herebygranted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in allcopies and that both that copyright notice and this permissionnotice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of SamRushing not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining todistribution of the software without specific, written priorpermission.SAM RUSHING DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, INNO EVENT SHALL SAM RUSHING BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT ORCONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSSOF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR INCONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

Cookie 管理

http.cookies 模組包含以下聲明:

Copyright 2000 by Timothy O'Malley <timo@alum.mit.edu>               All Rights ReservedPermission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this softwareand its documentation for any purpose and without fee is herebygranted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in allcopies and that both that copyright notice and this permissionnotice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name ofTimothy O'Malley  not be used in advertising or publicitypertaining to distribution of the software without specific, writtenprior permission.Timothy O'Malley DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THISSOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITYAND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL Timothy O'Malley BE LIABLE FORANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGESWHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUSACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE ORPERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

執行追蹤

trace 模組包含以下聲明:

portions copyright 2001, Autonomous Zones Industries, Inc., all rights...err...  reserved and offered to the public under the terms of thePython 2.2 license.Author: Zooko O'Whielacronxhttp://zooko.com/mailto:zooko@zooko.comCopyright 2000, Mojam Media, Inc., all rights reserved.Author: Skip MontanaroCopyright 1999, Bioreason, Inc., all rights reserved.Author: Andrew DalkeCopyright 1995-1997, Automatrix, Inc., all rights reserved.Author: Skip MontanaroCopyright 1991-1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, all rights reserved.Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software andits associated documentation for any purpose without fee is herebygranted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies,and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear insupporting documentation, and that the name of neither Automatrix,Bioreason or Mojam Media be used in advertising or publicity pertaining todistribution of the software without specific, written prior permission.

UUencode 與 UUdecode 函式

uu 編解碼器包含以下聲明:

Copyright 1994 by Lance EllinghouseCathedral City, California Republic, United States of America.                       All Rights ReservedPermission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and itsdocumentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and thatboth that copyright notice and this permission notice appear insupporting documentation, and that the name of Lance Ellinghousenot be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distributionof the software without specific, written prior permission.LANCE ELLINGHOUSE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TOTHIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY ANDFITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL LANCE ELLINGHOUSE CENTRUM BE LIABLEFOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGESWHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN ANACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUTOF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.Modified by Jack Jansen, CWI, July 1995:- Use binascii module to do the actual line-by-line conversion  between ascii and binary. This results in a 1000-fold speedup. The C  version is still 5 times faster, though.- Arguments more compliant with Python standard

XML 遠端程序呼叫

xmlrpc.client 模組包含以下聲明:

    The XML-RPC client interface isCopyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs ABCopyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik LundhBy obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or itsassociated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,and will comply with the following terms and conditions:Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software andits associated documentation for any purpose and without fee ishereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears inall copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permissionnotice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name ofSecret Labs AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicitypertaining to distribution of the software without specific, writtenprior permission.SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARDTO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-ABILITY AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHORBE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANYDAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUSACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCEOF THIS SOFTWARE.

test_epoll

test.test_epoll 模組包含以下聲明:

Copyright (c) 2001-2006 Twisted Matrix Laboratories.Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaininga copy of this software and associated documentation files (the"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, includingwithout limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and topermit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject tothe following conditions:The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall beincluded in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OFMERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ANDNONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BELIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTIONOF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTIONWITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Select kqueue

select 模組對於 kqueue 介面包含以下聲明:

Copyright (c) 2000 Doug White, 2006 James Knight, 2007 Christian HeimesAll rights reserved.Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or withoutmodification, are permitted provided that the following conditionsare met:1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" ANDANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THEIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSEARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLEFOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIALDAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODSOR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICTLIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAYOUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OFSUCH DAMAGE.

SipHash24

Python/pyhash.c 檔案包含 Marek Majkowski' 基於 Dan Bernstein 的 SipHash24 演算法的實作。它包含以下聲明:

<MIT License>Copyright (c) 2013  Marek Majkowski <marek@popcount.org>Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copyof this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to dealin the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rightsto use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sellcopies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software isfurnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included inall copies or substantial portions of the Software.</MIT License>Original location:   https://github.com/majek/csiphash/Solution inspired by code from:   Samuel Neves (supercop/crypto_auth/siphash24/little)   djb (supercop/crypto_auth/siphash24/little2)   Jean-Philippe Aumasson (https://131002.net/siphash/siphash24.c)

strtod 與 dtoa

Python/dtoa.c 檔案提供了 C 的 dtoa 和 strtod 函式,用於將 C 的雙精度浮點數和字串互相轉換。該檔案是衍生自 David M. Gay 建立的同名檔案,後者現在可以從https://web.archive.org/web/20220517033456/http://www.netlib.org/fp/dtoa.c 下載。於 2009 年 3 月 16 日所檢索的原始檔案包含以下版權與授權聲明:

/**************************************************************** * * The author of this software is David M. Gay. * * Copyright (c) 1991, 2000, 2001 by Lucent Technologies. * * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any * purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice * is included in all copies of any software which is or includes a copy * or modification of this software and in all copies of the supporting * documentation for such software. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS BEING PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED * WARRANTY.  IN PARTICULAR, NEITHER THE AUTHOR NOR LUCENT MAKES ANY * REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE MERCHANTABILITY * OF THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. * ***************************************************************/

OpenSSL

如果 OpenSSL 函式庫可被作業系統使用,則hashlibposixssl 模組會使用它來提升效能。此外,因為 Windows 和 macOS 的 Python 安裝程式可能包含 OpenSSL 函式庫的副本,所以我們也在此收錄 OpenSSL 授權的副本。對於 OpenSSL 3.0 版本以及由此衍生的更新版本則適用 Apache 許可證 v2:

                              Apache License                        Version 2.0, January 2004                     https://www.apache.org/licenses/TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION1. Definitions.   "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,   and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.   "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by   the copyright owner that is granting the License.   "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all   other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common   control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,   "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the   direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or   otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the   outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.   "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity   exercising permissions granted by this License.   "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,   including but not limited to software source code, documentation   source, and configuration files.   "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical   transformation or translation of a Source form, including but   not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,   and conversions to other media types.   "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or   Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a   copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work   (an example is provided in the Appendix below).   "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object   form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the   editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications   represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes   of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain   separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,   the Work and Derivative Works thereof.   "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including   the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions   to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally   submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner   or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of   the copyright owner. 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expat

除非在建置pyexpat 擴充時設定為--with-system-expat,否則該擴充會用一個內含 expat 原始碼的副本來建置:

Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000 Thai Open Source Software Center Ltd                               and Clark CooperPermission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaininga copy of this software and associated documentation files (the"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, includingwithout limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and topermit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject tothe following conditions:The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be includedin all copies or substantial portions of the Software.THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OFMERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANYCLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THESOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

libffi

除非在建置_ctypes 模組底下_ctypes 擴充程式時設定為--with-system-libffi,否則該擴充會用一個內含 libffi 原始碼的副本來建置:

Copyright (c) 1996-2008  Red Hat, Inc and others.Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaininga copy of this software and associated documentation files (the"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, includingwithout limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and topermit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject tothe following conditions:The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be includedin all copies or substantial portions of the Software.THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OFMERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ANDNONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHTHOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHERDEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

zlib

如果在系統上找到的 zlib 版本太舊以致於無法用於建置zlib 擴充,則該擴充會用一個內含 zlib 原始碼的副本來建置:

Copyright (C) 1995-2011 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark AdlerThis software is provided 'as-is', without any express or impliedwarranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damagesarising from the use of this software.Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute itfreely, subject to the following restrictions:1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not   claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software   in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be   appreciated but is not required.2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be   misrepresented as being the original software.3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.Jean-loup Gailly        Mark Adlerjloup@gzip.org          madler@alumni.caltech.edu

cfuhash

tracemalloc 使用的雜湊表 (hash table) 實作,是以 cfuhash 專案為基礎:

Copyright (c) 2005 Don OwensAll rights reserved.This code is released under the BSD license:Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or withoutmodification, are permitted provided that the following conditionsare met:  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above    copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following    disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided    with the distribution.  * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived    from this software without specific prior written permission.THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOTLIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESSFOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THECOPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS ORSERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISEDOF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

libmpdec

除非在建置decimal 模組底下_decimal C 擴充程式時設定為--with-system-libmpdec,否則該模組會用一個內含 libmpdec 函式庫的副本來建置:

Copyright (c) 2008-2020 Stefan Krah. All rights reserved.Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or withoutmodification, are permitted provided that the following conditionsare met:1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" ANDANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THEIMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSEARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLEFOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIALDAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODSOR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICTLIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAYOUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OFSUCH DAMAGE.

W3C C14N 測試套件

test 程式包中的 C14N 2.0 測試套件 (Lib/test/xmltestdata/c14n-20/) 是從 W3C 網站https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n2-testcases/ 被檢索,且是基於 3-clause BSD 授權被發佈:

Copyright (c) 2013 W3C(R) (MIT, ERCIM, Keio, Beihang),All Rights Reserved.Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or withoutmodification, are permitted provided that the following conditionsare met:* Redistributions of works must retain the original copyright notice,  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the original copyright  notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the  documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.* Neither the name of the W3C nor the names of its contributors may be  used to endorse or promote products derived from this work without  specific prior written permission.THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOTLIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FORA PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHTOWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOTLIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANYTHEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USEOF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

mimalloc

MIT 授權:

Copyright (c) 2018-2021 Microsoft Corporation, Daan LeijenPermission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copyof this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to dealin the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rightsto use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sellcopies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software isfurnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in allcopies or substantial portions of the Software.THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS ORIMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THEAUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHERLIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THESOFTWARE.

asyncio

asyncio 模組的部分內容是從uvloop 0.16 中收錄過來,其基於 MIT 授權來發佈:

Copyright (c) 2015-2021 MagicStack Inc.  http://magic.ioPermission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaininga copy of this software and associated documentation files (the"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, includingwithout limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and topermit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject tothe following conditions:The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall beincluded in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OFMERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ANDNONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BELIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTIONOF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTIONWITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Global Unbounded Sequences (GUS)

The filePython/qsbr.c is adapted from FreeBSD's "Global UnboundedSequences" safe memory reclamation scheme insubr_smr.c.The file is distributed under the 2-Clause BSD License:

Copyright (c) 2019,2020 Jeffrey Roberson <jeff@FreeBSD.org>Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or withoutmodification, are permitted provided that the following conditionsare met:1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright   notice unmodified, this list of conditions, and the following   disclaimer.2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS ORIMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIESOF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUTNOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANYTHEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OFTHIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.