The Diversity of Bacteriophages in Hot Springs
- PMID:37966592
- DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3549-0_4
The Diversity of Bacteriophages in Hot Springs
Abstract
Bacteriophages are ubiquitous in all environments that support microbial life. This includes hot springs, which can range in temperatures between 40 and 98 °C and pH levels between 1 and 9. Bacteriophages that survive in the higher temperatures of hot springs are known as thermophages. Thermophages have developed distinct adaptations allowing for thermostability in these extreme environments, including increased G + C DNA percentages, reliance upon the pentose phosphate metabolic pathway to avoid oxidative stress, and a codon preference for those with a GNA sequence leading to increased hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds. In this review, we discuss the diversity of characterized thermophages in hot spring environments that span five viral families: Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Tectiviridae, Sphaerolipoviridae, and Inoviridae. Potential industrial and medicinal applications of thermophages will also be addressed.
Keywords: Bacteriophage diversity; Bacteriophages; Hot springs; Thermophage; Thermophile.
© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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