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.2023 Jul 21;26(8):107420.
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107420. eCollection 2023 Aug 18.

Disparification and extinction trade-offs shaped the evolution of Permian to Jurassic Odonata

Affiliations

Disparification and extinction trade-offs shaped the evolution of Permian to Jurassic Odonata

Isabelle Deregnaucourt et al. iScience..

Abstract

Owing to their prevalence in nowadays terrestrial ecosystems, insects are a relevant group to assess the impact of mass extinctions on emerged land. However, limitations of the insect fossil record make it difficult to assess the impact of such events based on taxonomic diversity alone. Therefore, we documented trends in morphological diversity, i.e., disparity, using wings of Permian to Jurassic Odonata as model. Our results show a decreasing trend in disparity while species richness increased. Both the Permian-Triassic and Triassic-Jurassic transitions are revealed as important events, associated with strong morphospace restructuring due to selective extinction. In each case, a recovery was assured by the diversification of new forms compensating the loss of others. Early representatives of Odonata continuously evolved new shapes, a pattern contrasting with the classical assertion of a morphospace fulfilled early and followed by selective extinctions and specialization within it.

Keywords: Entomology; Evolutionary biology; Paleobiology.

© 2023 The Authors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1
Odonata morphospace occupation from the Cisuralian (lower Permian) to the Upper Jurassic (A–E) Temporal changes between consecutive epochs; on each plot, the outlined convex hull (without infilling) corresponds to the oldest epoch of the two, that filled (and without outline) to the youngest. Dots represent species and are color-coded according to the epoch they lived in. (F–J) Temporal changes by the different clades; on each plot, empty circles correspond to species sampled in the oldest epoch of the two, dots to the youngest; convex hulls plotted for major clades, with constituent species color-coded accordingly. Mega., Meganisoptera; Prota., Protanisoptera; Permagr., Permagrionidae; Archizyg., Archizygoptera; Triadophl., Triadophlebiomorpha; Panodo., Panodonata; Epiproct., Epiproctophora.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Consensual phylogeny of Odonata families from the Cisuralian (lower Permian) to the Upper Jurassic Circles indicate the occurrence of a given taxon at a particular epoch; full circles indicate that at least one species was considered for disparity analysis, while empty circles indicate that none of the known fossil material proved complete enough.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Principal-component analysis of diversity and disparity metrics (A) Analysis made on raw values. (B) Analysis computed on net differences between successive epochs. Black arrows, metrics used to compute PCA, including disparity (volume, as sum of ranges on each individual PC; dispersion, as median pairwise distances between species of a given time interval; position shift, relevant in B only, as shift in centroid position of two consecutive temporal subsamples) and diversity metrics (all known species/families); dashed arrows, diversity metrics plotted onto PCA, including species/families selected for disparity analysis (“this study”) and range-through for families; gray arrows, temporal trajectory.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Temporal changes in disparity and diversity of Odonata from the Cisuralian (lower Permian) to the Upper Jurassic Disparity trends derived from volume (sum of ranges; orange), dispersion (median pairwise distances; green) and shift in centroid position between two consecutive epochs (purple) (data are represented as mean values of bootstrapped subsamples +/− SD; asterisks indicate significant differences in these metrics between epochs obtained from permutation tests); and diversity trends derived from taxonomic richness (Paleobiology Database; continuous line [“this study”], species/families selected for disparity analysis; dashed line [“obs”], all known species/families; and dotted line [“RT”] range-through for families).
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