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.2023 Aug 11;14(4):20416695231191241.
doi: 10.1177/20416695231191241. eCollection 2023 Jul-Aug.

Visual saltation illusion induced by flashes of subjective contours

Affiliations

Visual saltation illusion induced by flashes of subjective contours

Hiroyuki Ito et al. Iperception..

Abstract

The visual saltation illusion of a Kanizsa-type subjective triangle was demonstrated. After a subjective/real triangle was flashed twice at the same position, another subjective/real triangle was flashed at a displaced position. In a typical case, the second flash was perceived to occur midway between the first and third flash positions. This study showed that the rated illusion strength for the Kanizsa and real triangles largely depended on stimulus onset asynchrony and retinal eccentricity and that the illusion rating was the same between the Kanizsa and real gray triangles when they were presented on black disks (or inducers). When the real triangle was presented in isolation, the illusion rating was lower. Presenting flashes on disks appears to enhance the saltation illusion for both the Kanizsa and real triangles possibly due to a stronger crowding effect or shape changes of inducers enhancing the perception of object appearance and disappearance. Various types of saltation illusions with a Kanizsa triangle are demonstrated in a video.

Keywords: Kanizsa triangle; subjective contour; visual saltation illusion.

© The Author(s) 2023.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Reduced-rabbit paradigm of the visual saltation illusion.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Spatial and temporal configurations of a stimulus presentation.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Rating method with a six-degree scale. When the second flash was seen at the physically flashed position, the value was 0 (Left panel). When the second flash was seen midway between the first and third positions, the value was 5 (Right panel).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
The results in Experiment 1. Error bars indicate standard errors.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Illusion ratings as a function of SOA. Please note that the horizontal axis uses a log scale.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Tested conditions in Experiment 2. The triangles with broken lines indicate the first and second triangle presentation positions. The fixation cross was presented at one of the three positions to vary the retinal eccentricity of the stimulus presentation.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Temporal configuration of stimulus presentation in Experiment 2.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Illusion ratings as a function of retinal eccentricity. Error bars indicate standard errors.
Video 1.
Video 1.
Various types of saltation illusions with Kanizsa triangles. Please view an attached video demonstration (“Saltation_KanizsaT.mp4”).
Video 2.
Video 2.
A saltation illusion of an “object” without definite shape (see attached Movie demonstration “Saltation_Anstis.mp4”), produced by Stuart Anstis, a signed reviewer.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

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