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.2022 Jan 10;3(2):120-125.
doi: 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0164. eCollection 2022 Mar.

Bull fertility and semen quality are not correlated with dairy and production traits in Brown Swiss cattle

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Bull fertility and semen quality are not correlated with dairy and production traits in Brown Swiss cattle

Xena Marie Mapel et al. JDS Commun..

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Abstract

Undisturbed reproduction is key for successful breeding of beef and dairy cattle. Improving reproductive ability can be difficult because of antagonistic relationships with other economically relevant traits. In cattle, thorough investigation of female fertility revealed unfavorable genetic correlations with various production phenotypes. However, the correlation between male reproductive ability and production traits remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the genetic relationships among and between male fertility characteristics and economically relevant traits in a population of Brown Swiss cattle. We performed GWAS with imputed genotypes at nearly 12 million sequence variants for semen quality (sperm head and tail anomalies, motility, concentration, and volume), male fertility, and 57 production phenotypes. Allele substitution effects were then correlated on a trait-by-trait basis to estimate genetic correlations. Correlations between male reproductive characteristics and traits of economic value were small and ranged from -0.0681 to 0.0787. Among the semen quality parameters, sperm motility was negatively correlated with anomalies (head: r = -0.7083 ± 0.0002; tail: r = -0.7739 ± 0.0002) and volume (r = -0.1266 ± 0.0003), whereas volume was negatively correlated with concentration (r = -0.3503 ± 0.0002). Sire nonreturn rate was negatively correlated with sperm anomalies (head: r = -0.1640 ± 0.0002; tail: r = -0.1580 ± 0.0002) and positively correlated with motility (r = 0.1598 ± 0.0002). A meta-analysis of male reproductive traits identified 2 quantitative trait loci: a previously described region on chromosome 6 showed pleiotropic effects and a novel region on chromosome 11 was associated with sperm head anomalies. In conclusion, our results suggest that selection for economically important dairy and production phenotypes has little impact on semen quality and fertility of Brown Swiss bulls.

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Summary: The genetic relationship between male reproduction and economically relevant traits is unknown. Here, we used genome-wide imputed genotypes to estimate genetic correlation between 6 estimates of male fertility and 57 dairy traits. We used allele substitution effects calculated with an additive regression approach for 11,804,781 genome-wide sequence variants. Correlations between male reproduction and other traits were small (r = -0.0681–0.0787). However, we observed correlations among various semen quality parameters and sire reproductive success (head anomalies and tail anomalies: r = 0.8380, head anomalies and motility: r = -0.7083, tail anomalies and motility: r = -0.7739, motility and volume: r = -0.1266, concentration and volume: r = -0.3503, nonreturn rate and motility: r = 0.1598, nonreturn rate and head anomalies: r = -0.1640, nonreturn rate and tail anomalies: r = -0.1580). To identify QTL responsible for the correlation among these traits, we conducted a multitrait meta-analysis; this revealed pleiotropy of a known QTL on chromosome 6 and identified a novel QTL for sperm head anomalies on chromosome 11.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Correlation matrix of the allele substitution effects estimated from single-trait GWAS. Traits considered and their abbreviations are listed in the bottom left key. Colors correspond to correlation category (high, moderate, low, and none) and direction (red: negative, blue: positive).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Manhattan plot from the meta-analysis of male fertility and reproduction traits [percent of sperm anomalies–head, percent of sperm anomalies–tail, percent of motile sperm, concentration (million sperm/mL), ejaculate volume, and insemination success (sire nonreturn rate)]. The analysis considered 11,804,781 genome-wide variants, with the green line representing a significance threshold ofP < 4.24 × 10−9.
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