Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
Thehttps:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

NIH NLM Logo
Log inShow account info
Access keysNCBI HomepageMyNCBI HomepageMain ContentMain Navigation
pubmed logo
Advanced Clipboard
User Guide

Full text links

Nature Publishing Group full text link Nature Publishing Group Free PMC article
Full text links

Actions

Share

Review
.2022 Nov;7(11):1744-1755.
doi: 10.1038/s41564-022-01215-8. Epub 2022 Oct 17.

The cell biology of archaea

Affiliations
Review

The cell biology of archaea

Marleen van Wolferen et al. Nat Microbiol.2022 Nov.

Abstract

The past decade has revealed the diversity and ubiquity of archaea in nature, with a growing number of studies highlighting their importance in ecology, biotechnology and even human health. Myriad lineages have been discovered, which expanded the phylogenetic breadth of archaea and revealed their central role in the evolutionary origins of eukaryotes. These discoveries, coupled with advances that enable the culturing and live imaging of archaeal cells under extreme environments, have underpinned a better understanding of their biology. In this Review we focus on the shape, internal organization and surface structures that are characteristic of archaeal cells as well as membrane remodelling, cell growth and division. We also highlight some of the technical challenges faced and discuss how new and improved technologies will help address many of the key unanswered questions.

© 2022. Springer Nature Limited.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The wide spectrum of archaeal cell shapes and sizes schematically visualized in scale. Representative microscopy images are reprinted from several studies on archaea including: Archaeal viruses ,Nanopusillus acidilobi,Nanoarchaeum equitans,Prometheoarchaeum syntrophicum,Nitrosopumilus maritimusCandidatusAltiarchaeum hamiconnexum,Methanobrevibacter smithii,Sulfolobus islandicus,Pyrococcus furiosus,Ignicoccus hospitalis,Methanothermus fervidus,Haloferax volcanii,Haloquadratum walsbyi.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The distribution of key components of different archaeal cell biology processes. Squares filled in yellow represent the presence of different cell envelope components: glycocalyx; a double membrane; pseudopeptidoglycan; S-layer. Squares filled in blue represent the presence of cytoskeleton components: tubulin/artubulin; crenactin/actin; CetZ and MreB. Squares filled in green represent the presence of membrane remodeling components: FtsZ, SepF, ESCRT-III and Vps4. Squares filled in red represent the presence of surface structures: archaeallum, type IV pili (T4P) or other surface structures. Representative species of the following phyla have been analyzed: Euryarchaeota, Nano-archaeota (Nano), Thaumarchaeota (Thau), Korarchaeota (K), Crenarchaeota and Asgard (A).
Figure 3
Figure 3. The archaeal cell envelope.
(A) Examples of cell envelope structures of different archaea, including: the S-layer proteins ofSulfolobus; the S-layer protein ofHaloferax containing a lipid-anchor; the cell envelope ofMethanothermus containing both a pseudopeptidoglycan layer surmounted by an S-layer; the cell envelope ofMethanosarcina containing an S-layer and a methanochondoitin layer on top. (B) Different archaeal surface appendages: the archaellum, type IV pili, threads, fimbriae, cannulae, and hami. (C) DifferentN-glycan structures found especially on the surface proteins ofS. acidocaldarius, S. solfataricus, S. tokodaii, H. volcanii and M. thermolithotrophicus.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Fluorescence protein localization images from different archaeal cell biology studies.
(A) Midcell localization of fluorescently tagged S-layer protein inH.volcanii; (B) Images ofS. acidocaldarius with fluorescently labelled membrane (red) and DNA (blue) taken using the “Sulfoscope” at 75°C ; (C)Haloquadratum strain Bajool9 (JCM 15065), DNA stained with acridine orange ; (D) SRRF super-resolution images of immunolabeled dividingS. acidocaldarius cells showing ring structures of CdvB (purple), and CdvB1 (green) and DNA stained with Hoechst (blue), (scale bar, 0.5 μm) ; (E) ImmunolabelledP. calidifontis cells stained with anti-Crenactin antibodies ; (F) Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) maximum projections of aM. smithii cell stained with anti-SepF (cyan) and anti-FtsZ antibodies (magenta). Scale bars 0.5 μm. (G)Pyrococcus furiosus cell stained with Alexa Fluor 488, showing cell envelope growth (From left to right: image directly after staining; image 90 min after subculturing; and image 180 min after subculturing; scale bar, 1 μm) ; (H)H. volcanii cells expressing fluorescently tagged FtsZ1 (purple) and FtsZ2 (green), (scale bar 2 μm) ; (I) Single-molecule localization microscopy imaging ofH. volcanii cells expressing fluorescently tagged FtsZ1 (green) .
Figure 5
Figure 5
Schematic overview of the two main studied cell division mechanisms in archaea. Upper panel: the ESCRT-III mediated cell division process ofS. acidocaldarius as displayed in four stages: (1) Localization of CdvA at mid-cell subsequently recruiting the ESCRT-III homolog CdvB, which forms a ring. (2) ESCRT-III homologues CdvB1 and CdvB2 are recruited to mid-cell by CdvB. (3) CdvB is degraded by the proteasome triggering the constriction of CdvB1 and CdvB2. (4) The Vps4 homolog CdvC most likely disassembles the CdvB1/2 ring resulting in cell membrane abscission. Lower panel: the FtsZ based cell division process ofH. volcanii as displayed in four stages: (1) FtsZ1 forms a ring at mid-cell. (2) SepF dimers localize in an FtsZ1-dependent manner to the future cell division site, and SepF recruits FtsZ2. (3). FtsZ2 forms a ring. (4) Constriction of the divisome results in cell division.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Caforio A, Driessen AJM. Archaeal phospholipids: Structural properties and biosynthesis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) − Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. 2017;1862:1325–1339. - PubMed
    1. Albers SV, Jarrell KF. The archaellum: How Archaea swim. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2015;6:23. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Albers SV, Jarrell KF. The Archaellum: An Update on the Unique Archaeal Motility Structure. Trends in Microbiology. 2018;26:351–362. - PubMed
    1. Lyu Z, Shao N, Akinyemi T, Whitman WB. Methanogenesis. Current Biology. 2018;28:R727–R732. - PubMed
    1. Adam PS, Borrel G, Brochier-Armanet C, Gribaldo S. The growing tree of Archaea: new perspectives on their diversity, evolution and ecology. ISME J. 2017;11:2407–2425. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full text links
Nature Publishing Group full text link Nature Publishing Group Free PMC article
Cite
Send To

NCBI Literature Resources

MeSHPMCBookshelfDisclaimer

The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.

[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp