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Review
.2022 Jun 28:13:927984.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927984. eCollection 2022.

Three Naturally-Occurring Psychedelics and Their Significance in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders

Affiliations
Review

Three Naturally-Occurring Psychedelics and Their Significance in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders

Nataliya Vorobyeva et al. Front Pharmacol..

Erratum in

Abstract

Classical psychedelics represent a family of psychoactive substances with structural similarities to serotonin and affinity for serotonin receptors. A growing number of studies have found that psychedelics can be effective in treating various psychiatric conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Mental health disorders are extremely prevalent in the general population constituting a major problem for the public health. There are a wide variety of interventions for mental health disorders, including pharmacological therapies and psychotherapies, however, treatment resistance still remains a particular challenge in this field, and relapse rates are also quite high. In recent years, psychedelics have become one of the promising new tools for the treatment of mental health disorders. In this review, we will discuss the three classic serotonergic naturally occurring psychedelics, psilocybin, ibogaine, and N, N-dimethyltryptamine, focusing on their pharmacological properties and clinical potential. The purpose of this article is to provide a focused review of the most relevant research into the therapeutic potential of these substances and their possible integration as alternative or adjuvant options to existing pharmacological and psychological therapies.

Keywords: DMT; ibogaine; mental health; psilocybin; serotonergic psychedelics.

Copyright © 2022 Vorobyeva and Kozlova.

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Conflict of interest statement

NV is an external scientific consultant for Hive Bio Life Sciences Ltd. and owns stock in the Company. The remaining author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
An overview of the characteristics of psilocybin. The diagram includes the chemical structures of psilocybin and its metabolite. The bold lines indicate similarities in the chemical structure between this psychedelic and serotonin. In addition, the enzymes and major organs involved in the metabolism and excretion of psilocybin are indicated. The mechanism of action represents the targets of the psychedelic, both the region of the brain affected by the psychedelic and the receptors with which it interacts (pink circle for agonist). 5HT—serotonin receptors (2Ar, 1Ar, 2Cr, – subtypes). IP3, inositol-3-phosphate; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
An overview of the characteristics of ibogaine.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
An overview of the characteristics of DMT. The diagram includes the chemical structures of DMT and its metabolite. The bold lines indicate similarities in the chemical structure between this psychedelic and serotonin. In addition, the enzymes and major organs involved in the metabolism and excretion of psilocybin are indicated. The mechanism of action represents the targets of the psychedelic, both the region of the brain affected by the psychedelic and the receptors with which it interacts (pink circle for agonist). 5HT—serotonin receptors (2Ar, 2Cr,—subtypes), sigma 1 receptor. MAOI, monoamine oxidase I; IP3, inositol-3-phosphate; ER, endoplasmic reticulum.
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