Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
Thehttps:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

NIH NLM Logo
Log inShow account info
Access keysNCBI HomepageMyNCBI HomepageMain ContentMain Navigation
pubmed logo
Advanced Clipboard
User Guide

Full text links

Free PMC article
Full text links

Actions

Share

.2022 Aug;9(22):e2201362.
doi: 10.1002/advs.202201362. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Smooth or with a Snap! Biomechanics of Trap Reopening in the Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula)

Affiliations

Smooth or with a Snap! Biomechanics of Trap Reopening in the Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula)

Grażyna M Durak et al. Adv Sci (Weinh).2022 Aug.

Abstract

Fast snapping in the carnivorous Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) involves trap lobe bending and abrupt curvature inversion (snap-buckling), but how do these traps reopen? Here, the trap reopening mechanics in two different D. muscipula clones, producing normal-sized (N traps, max. ≈3 cm in length) and large traps (L traps, max. ≈4.5 cm in length) are investigated. Time-lapse experiments reveal that both N and L traps can reopen by smooth and continuous outward lobe bending, but only L traps can undergo smooth bending followed by a much faster snap-through of the lobes. Additionally, L traps can reopen asynchronously, with one of the lobes moving before the other. This study challenges the current consensus on trap reopening, which describes it as a slow, smooth process driven by hydraulics and cell growth and/or expansion. Based on the results gained via three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC), morphological and mechanical investigations, the differences in trap reopening are proposed to stem from a combination of size and slenderness of individual traps. This study elucidates trap reopening processes in the (in)famous Dionaea snap traps - unique shape-shifting structures of great interest for plant biomechanics, functional morphology, and applications in biomimetics, i.e., soft robotics.

Keywords: biomechanics; carnivorous plants; mechanical instability problems; plant movement; snap-buckling; snap-traps.

© 2022 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Major strain distribution and evolution inx‐direction, computed as true strain on a 3D surface reconstruction of the outer surfaces of L trap lobes throughout the reopening process (top) and a corresponding digital image of the plant (bottom) featuring smooth initial reopening followed by A–C) reverse snap‐buckling D–G) and smooth reopening only. Insets represent a schematic of a trap reopening stage in the cross‐section view. Scale bars correspond to 0.5 in.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of major strain distribution inx‐direction during trap reopening and closure. Major strain was computed as true strain on a 3D surface reconstruction of B,C) the outer and A) inner trap lobe surfaces of L traps. Strain distribution during trap closure was calculated as technical strain on D) the inner and E) outer lobe surface of N trap lobes. Insets indicate trap reopening stage in cross‐section. Images D and E were adapted with permission from Sachse et al..[4] Plain digital images from a corresponding time point for images A–C can be found in Figure S1A–C, Supporting Information.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Box – whisker plots of the slenderness calculated for broken L traps, intact L traps and N traps: A) slendernessλx, B) trap length to height ratio, C) slendernessλy, whiskers represent standard deviation,p‐values refer to significant differences in given parameters between different trap types, confirmed with Kruskal–Wallis tests detailed in Table S2, Supporting Information. Schematic of measurements used in calculation of D) slendernessλ:hb – lobe thickness at the bottom of the trap,hm – lobe thickness in the middle of the trap,ht – lobe thickness at the top of the trap.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A) Shallow frame system as a mechanical prototype for snap‐through including bending deformations. B)Analytically derived static equilibrium paths for three different slenderness values and a sketch of the expected behavior of the dynamic snap‐through response. The snap‐through process for an unloading scenario is sketched forλ = 10. C) Two hypothetical equilibrium paths for closing and reopening ofD. muscipula, based on dynamic response as simulated in Sachse et al.[4] Both paths show identical closing behavior via snap‐through, whereas smooth motion or a reverse snap‐through can be observed during trap reopening.
Figure 5
Figure 5
A) Photograph of an L trap following spontaneous breakage, B) Toluidine‐blue stained section of the tear taken at the edge, C) close‐up at the center of the tear, and D) Toluidine‐blue stained section in the middle of the tear. The trap was mechanically stimulated to snap, no prey was offered. Scale bars are as follows: A: 1 cm, B: 200 µm, C: 5 mm, and D: 500 µm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Bailey T., McPherson S., Dionaea: The Venus's Flytrap, Redfern Natural History Productions, Dorset, England: 2012.
    1. Schnell D. E., Carnivorous Plants of the United States and Canada, Timber Press, Portland: 2002.
    1. Forterre Y., Skotheim J. M., Dumais J., Mahadevan L., Nature 2005, 433, 421. - PubMed
    1. Sachse R., Westermeier A., Mylo M., Nadasdi J., Bischoff M., Speck T., Poppinga S., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2020, 117, 16035. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bauer U., Müller U. K., Poppinga S., Proc. R. Soc. B 2021, 288, 20210771. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Related information

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full text links
Free PMC article
Cite
Send To

NCBI Literature Resources

MeSHPMCBookshelfDisclaimer

The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.

[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp