Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
Thehttps:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

NIH NLM Logo
Log inShow account info
Access keysNCBI HomepageMyNCBI HomepageMain ContentMain Navigation
pubmed logo
Advanced Clipboard
User Guide

Full text links

MDPI full text link MDPI Free PMC article
Full text links

Actions

Share

.2022 May 13;14(5):338.
doi: 10.3390/toxins14050338.

Clinical Effects of the Immunization Protocol UsingLoxosceles Venom in Naïve Horses

Affiliations

Clinical Effects of the Immunization Protocol UsingLoxosceles Venom in Naïve Horses

Ana Luísa Soares de Miranda et al. Toxins (Basel)..

Abstract

Bites of brown spiders (Loxosceles spp.) are responsible for dermonecrotic lesions and potentially systemic envenoming that can lead to death. The only effective therapy is the use of the antivenom, usually produced in horses. However, little is known about the consequences of the systematic use of theLoxosceles venom and adjuvants and of the bleedings on antivenom-producing horses. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical changes in horses in their first immunization protocol forLoxosceles antivenom production. Eleven healthy horses, never immunized, were evaluated in three different periods: T0 (before immunization); T1 (after their first venom immunization); and T2 (after their first bleeding). Horses were clinically evaluated, sampled for blood, and underwent electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings. Several suppurated subcutaneous abscesses occurred due to the use of Freund's adjuvants and thrombophlebitis due to systematic venipunctures for the bleeding procedures. ECG showed arrhythmias in few horses in T2, such as an increase in T and R waves. In summary, the immunization protocol impacted on horses' health, especially after bleeding for antivenom procurement.

Keywords: antisera production; brown spider; dermonecrosis; loxoscelism; safety evaluation.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Abscesses in the infiltration sites of neck (A) and gluteal (B) regions of horses used for production ofLoxosceles antivenom.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Electrocardiogram (ECG). (A) Normal sinus rhythm ECG from a horse before immunization. Common findings in ECG recordings were bifid P (circle) wave and biphasic T wave (square). (B) Sinus tachycardia from a horse after first bleeding. An increase in T wave was also observed (arrow). (C) Second-degree atrioventricular block from a horse after first bleeding. P wave (arrow) with no following QRS complex is observed.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SDS-polyacrylamide gel (12.5%) electrophoretic separation ofL. intermedia venom used in the study. (A) A non-reduced sample and (B) a reduced sample. Numbers on the left correspond to the positions of molecular weight markers (in kDa).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Da Silva P.H., da Silveira R.B., Appel M.H., Mangili O.C., Gremski W., Veiga S.S. Brown spiders and loxoscelism. Toxicon. 2004;44:693–709. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.07.012. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Swanson D.L., Vetter R.S. Loxoscelism. Clin. Dermatol. 2006;24:213–221. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2005.11.006. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Chaim O.M., Trevisan-Silva D., Chaves-Moreira D., Wille A.C., Ferrer V.P., Matsubara F.H., Mangili O.C., da Silveira R.B., Gremski L.H., Gremski W., et al. Brown spider (Loxosceles genus) venom toxins: Tools for biological purposes. Toxins. 2011;3:309–344. doi: 10.3390/toxins3030309. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Martins G.C., Melo M.M., Soto-Blanco B. Araneísmo. Cad. Técnicos Veterinária E Zootec. 2014;75:61–70.
    1. Gremski L.H., da Justa H.C., da Silva T.P., Polli N., Antunes B.C., Minozzo J.C., Wille A., Senff-Ribeiro A., Arni R.K., Veiga S.S. Forty years of the description of brown spider venom Phospholipases-D. Toxins. 2020;12:164. doi: 10.3390/toxins12030164. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Related information

LinkOut - more resources

Full text links
MDPI full text link MDPI Free PMC article
Cite
Send To

NCBI Literature Resources

MeSHPMCBookshelfDisclaimer

The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.

[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp