Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
Thehttps:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

NIH NLM Logo
Log inShow account info
Access keysNCBI HomepageMyNCBI HomepageMain ContentMain Navigation
pubmed logo
Advanced Clipboard
User Guide

Full text links

MDPI full text link MDPI Free PMC article
Full text links

Actions

Review
.2022 Mar 27;13(4):528.
doi: 10.3390/mi13040528.

A Review of 3D Printed Bone Implants

Affiliations
Review

A Review of 3D Printed Bone Implants

Zhaolong Li et al. Micromachines (Basel)..

Abstract

3D printing, that is, additive manufacturing, has solved many major problems in general manufacturing, such as three-dimensional tissue structure, microenvironment control difficulty, product production efficiency and repeatability, etc., improved the manufacturing speed and precision of personalized bone implants, and provided a lot of support for curing patients with bone injuries. The application of 3D printing technology in the medical field is gradually extensive, especially in orthopedics. The purpose of this review is to provide a report on the related achievements of bone implants based on 3D printing technology in recent years, including materials, molding methods, optimization of implant structure and performance, etc., in order to point out the existing shortcomings of 3D printing bone implants, promote the development of all aspects of bone implants, and make a prospect of 4D printing, hoping to provide some reference for the subsequent research of 3D printing bone implants.

Keywords: 3D printing; biomaterials; bioprinting; bone forming technology; bone implant.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Model drawing of bone scaffold [48]. (a) unit cell structure (b) bone scaffold structure diagram (c) Bone scaffold degradation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic of the PCL/HA composite flake preparation steps. Photograph showing the PCL/HA composite flakes after evaporating the solvent from the composite solution [64].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Preparation process and related tests of ternary composites [72].
Figure 4
Figure 4
PLLA/n-MgO stent preparation and testing process. (a) The fabrication process of scaffolds, (b) the digital photographs of representative PLLA/nMgO scaffold, and (c) Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis results of the scaffolds [95].
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Structure diagram of PCL/HA stent, (b) CT image of implantation in vivo [101].
Figure 6
Figure 6
3D printing schematic diagram of chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPC) and fibronectin (FN) encapsulated in biofilm for repairing cartilage defects [117].
Figure 7
Figure 7
Upper Row: Parameterized models of the cubic structure (left), diagonally orientated struts (middle) and modified truncated pyramid (right) with the strut diameter (d), size of the basic cell (c) and pore size (a). Bottom Row: Mechanically tested scaffolds, consisting of 3 × 3 × 3 basic cells (cubic and diagonal design) and 2 × 2 × 2 basic cells for the modified truncated pyramid design (with additional connection elements). Struts are shown as cylindrical beams with their analytical cross-section [122].
Figure 8
Figure 8
Unit cells used for implant modeling and the models of implants. Left: (a) UC001—the unit cell built on the basis of tetrahedral diamond structure (rib thickness = 0.4 mm, cell length (L) = 2.3 mm, cell width (W) = 2.3 mm, cell height (H) = 1.7 mm); (b) UC00202—the cell built on the basis of the UC001 unit cell by removing open ribs (rib thickness = 0.7 mm, L = 1.6 mm, W = 1.6 mm, H = 2.3 mm); (c) UC003—the cell built by replicating the UC002 unit cell along the X and Y axes by a factor of 2, with the offset along Z-axis by H/2, and along X-axis by W/2 (rib thickness of 0.7 mm, L = 3.5 mm, W = 3.5 mm, H = 3.8 mm); (d) UC004—the cell built by compressing the UC003 unit cell along X and Y axes by the factor of 2 (rib thickness =0.3 mm, L = 2.0 mm, W = 2.0 mm, H = 4.1 mm). Right: (a) BI001—the wireframe built by replicating the UC001 unit cell along three coordinate axes, by a factor of 3 along X and Y axes, and by a factor of 5 along Z-axis; (b) BI002—the UC002 unit cell is replicated by a factor of 2 along X and Y axes, and by the factor of 4 along Z axis; (c) BI003—the UC003 unit cell is replicated by a factor of 1 along X and Y axes, and by a factor of 3 along Z-axis; (d) BI004—the UC004 unit cell is replicated by a factor of 3 along X, Y, and Z axes [125].
Figure 9
Figure 9
Diagram of β-TCP scaffold fabrication using SEPS. (A) 3D printer setup. (B) Layer-by-layer fabrication process. (C) Postprocess procedural de-binding protocol to remove excess binder resin solution from the β-TCP-printed component. (D) Photographs of 3D-printed β-TCP scaffolds in various shapes and sizes [135].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Deepak K., Bikramjit B., Ashutosh K.D. Electrical stimulation and piezoelectric biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials. 2020;258:120280. - PubMed
    1. Florencio S.R., Sasso G.R.D.S., Sasso-Cerri E., Simões M.J., Cerri P.S. Biology of bone tissue: Structure, function, and factors that influence bone cells. Biomed. Res. Int. 2015;2015:421746. doi: 10.1155/2015/421746. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Baldwin P., Li D.J., Auston D.A., Mir H.S., Yoon R.S., Koval K.J. Autograft, Allograft, and Bone Graft Substitutes: Clinical Evidence and Indications for Use in the Setting of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery. Orthop. Trauma. 2019;33:203–213. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0000000000001420. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Sohn H.-S., Oh J.K. Review of Bone Graft and Bone Substitutes with an Emphasis on Fracture Surgeries. Biomater. Res. 2019;23:9. doi: 10.1186/s40824-019-0157-y. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zhang D.W., Wu X.X., Chen J.D., Lin K.L. The Development of Collagen Based Composite Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. Bioact. Mater. 2018;3:129–138. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2017.08.004. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full text links
MDPI full text link MDPI Free PMC article
Cite
Send To

NCBI Literature Resources

MeSHPMCBookshelfDisclaimer

The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.

[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2026 Movatter.jp