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.2022 Mar 20;14(3):641.
doi: 10.3390/v14030641.

Norovirus Genogroup II Epidemics and the Potential Effect of Climate Change on Norovirus Transmission in Taiwan

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Norovirus Genogroup II Epidemics and the Potential Effect of Climate Change on Norovirus Transmission in Taiwan

Shu-Chun Chiu et al. Viruses..

Abstract

The activity of norovirus varies from season to season, and the effect of climate change on the incidence of norovirus outbreaks is a widely recognized yet poorly understood phenomenon. Investigation of the possible association between climatic factors and the incidence of norovirus is key to a better understanding of the epidemiology of norovirus and early prediction of norovirus outbreaks. In this study, clinical stool samples from acute gastroenteritis outbreaks were collected from January 2015 to June 2019 in Taiwan. Data analysis from our study indicated that more than half of the cases were reported in the winter and spring seasons, including those caused by norovirus of genotypes GII (genogroup II).2, GII.3, GII.6, and GII.17, and 45.1% of the patients who tested positive for norovirus were infected by the GII.4 norovirus in autumn. However, GII.6 norovirus accounted for a higher proportion of the cases reported in summer than any other strain. Temperature is a crucial factor influencing patterns of epidemic outbreaks caused by distinct genotypes of norovirus. The results of this study may help experts predict and issue early public warnings of norovirus transmission and understand the effect of climate change on norovirus outbreaks caused by different genotypes and occurring in different locations.

Keywords: Taiwan; climate change; epidemiology; norovirus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trends in norovirus infections over time and average daily temperature (A), rainfall (B), and sunshine (C) in Taiwan, 2015–2019.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Trends of norovirus genogroup II infections over time and daily temperature in diverse regions of Taiwan, 2015–2019: (A) North region; (B) West region; (C) South region; (D) East region. In all regions, except the East region, data archived a level of statistical significance in simple linear regression analysis (p < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relationship between norovirus GII genotypes and temperature;p < 0.0001 as calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis test.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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