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.2021 Nov 4;11(1):21651.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01163-z.

Annual assessment of the wastewater treatment capacity of the microalga Scenedesmus almeriensis and optimisation of operational conditions

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Annual assessment of the wastewater treatment capacity of the microalga Scenedesmus almeriensis and optimisation of operational conditions

Ana Sánchez-Zurano et al. Sci Rep..

Abstract

The depth of the culture and the dilution rate have a striking effect on the biomass productivity and the nutrient recovery capacity of microalgal cultures. The combination of culture depth and dilution rate that allows to maximise the performance of the system depends on environmental conditions. In the current study, a response surface methodology was used to explore the relationship between the two most relevant operational conditions and the biomass productivity achieved in 8.3 m2 pilot-scale raceways operated using urban wastewater. Four polynomial models were developed, one for each season of the year. The software predicted biomass productivities of 12.3, 25.6, 32.7, and 18.9 g·m-2·day-1 in winter, spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. The models were further validated at pilot-scale with R2 values ranging within 0.81 and 0.91, depending on the season. Lower culture depths had the advantage of minimising nitrification and stripping but allow to process a lower volume of wastewater per surface area. Biomass productivity was higher at culture depths of 0.05 m, when compared to 0.12 and 0.20 m, while the optimal dilution rate was season-dependent. Results reported herein are useful for optimising the biomass productivity of raceway reactors located outdoors throughout the year.

© 2021. The Author(s).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Temperature and(B) solar radiation during the experimental runs. Determinations were conducted every 1 s. Average values represent the average of all the measurement taken in one day. Maximum and minimum values represent the maximum and minimum temperature or solar radiation value determined per day. Figure made using SigmaPlot v11.0 (Systat Software Inc., CA, US).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of dilution rate and culture depth on biomass productivity during winter (DM1), spring (DM2), summer (DM3) and autumn (DM4). Figure made using Design Expert v11.0 (Stat-Ease Inc., MN, US).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scatter plot of predicted and experimental biomass productivity values. Figure made using SigmaPlot v11.0 (Systat Software Inc., CA, US).
Figure 4
Figure 4
2D contour plot of total nitrogen (N-NH4+ and N-NO3−) removal capacity of the reactors in(A) winter,(B) spring,(C) summer, and(D) autumn. Figure made using SigmaPlot v11.0 (Systat Software Inc., CA, US).
Figure 5
Figure 5
2D contour plot of P-PO43− removal capacity of the reactors in(A) winter,(B) spring,(C) summer, and(D) autumn. Figure made using SigmaPlot v11.0 (Systat Software Inc., CA, US).
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