The depth of Jupiter's Great Red Spot constrained by Juno gravity overflights

Marzia Parisi¹, Yohai Kaspi², Eli Galanti², Daniele Durante³, Scott J Bolton⁴, Steven M Levin¹, Dustin R Buccino¹, Leigh N Fletcher⁵, William M Folkner¹, Tristan Guillot⁶, Ravit Helled⁷, Luciano Iess³, Cheng Li⁸, Kamal Oudrhiri¹, Michael H Wong^{8 9}

Affiliations

¹ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.
² Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
³ Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome Italy.
⁴ Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA.
⁵ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
⁶ Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Lagrange, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 06304 Nice, France.
⁷ Center for Theoretical Astrophysics and Cosmology, Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
⁸ Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
⁹ Carl Sagan Center for Research, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.

PMID:34709940
DOI: 10.1126/science.abf1396

The depth of Jupiter's Great Red Spot constrained by Juno gravity overflights

Marzia Parisi et al. Science.2021.

.2021 Nov 19;374(6570):964-968.

doi: 10.1126/science.abf1396. Epub 2021 Oct 28.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.
² Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
³ Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome Italy.
⁴ Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA.
⁵ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
⁶ Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire Lagrange, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 06304 Nice, France.
⁷ Center for Theoretical Astrophysics and Cosmology, Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
⁸ Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
⁹ Carl Sagan Center for Research, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.

PMID:34709940
DOI: 10.1126/science.abf1396

Abstract

Jupiter’s Great Red Spot (GRS) is the largest atmospheric vortex in the Solar System and has been observed for at least two centuries. It has been unclear how deep the vortex extends beneath its visible cloud tops. We examined the gravity signature of the GRS using data from 12 encounters of the Juno spacecraft with the planet, including two direct overflights of the vortex. Localized density anomalies due to the presence of the GRS caused a shift in the spacecraft line-of-sight velocity. Using two different approaches to infer the GRS depth, which yielded consistent results, we conclude that the GRS is contained within the upper 500 kilometers of Jupiter’s atmosphere.

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The depth of Jupiter's Great Red Spot constrained by Juno gravity overflights

Affiliations

The depth of Jupiter's Great Red Spot constrained by Juno gravity overflights

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources