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.2020 Dec;6(2):328-341.
doi: 10.1002/epa2.1100. Epub 2020 Nov 18.

The evolution of European economic institutions during the COVID-19 crisis

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The evolution of European economic institutions during the COVID-19 crisis

Antoine Camous et al. Eur Policy Anal.2020 Dec.

Abstract
in English, Chinese, Spanish

This article argues that the incomplete economic and institutional integration of the euro area has exposed the monetary union to increasing economic divergence, which could be deepened by the COVID-19 crisis. We discuss how monetary and fiscal measures implemented at the onset of the pandemic have contributed to mitigate the economic consequences of lockdowns, but provided limited insurance to narrow economic gaps across member countries. However, EU countries agreed on July 21, 2020 to develop, for the first time, countercyclical fiscal transfers financed by common debt issuance. We discuss the potential of this instrument to contribute to improve the resilience of the eurozone.

本文主张,欧元区不完整的经济一体化及制度一体化已使该货币联盟出现越来越多的经济差异,而这一差异可能因新冠肺炎(COVID‐19)危机而加深。我们探讨了大流行开始时采取的货币措施和财政措施如何促进缓解行动限制的经济结果,但在缩小成员国之间的经济差距方面提供的保障有限。尽管如此,欧盟国家于2020年7月21日首次同意通过共同发债来完成反周期财政转移。我们探讨了这一工具在促进提高欧元区复原力方面的潜力。.

Este artículo sostiene que la integración económica e institucional incompleta de la eurozona ha expuesto a la unión monetaria a una creciente divergencia económica, que podría verse agravada por la crisis del COVID‐19. Analizamos cómo las medidas monetarias y fiscales implementadas al inicio de la pandemia han contribuido a mitigar las consecuencias económicas de los bloqueos, pero han proporcionado un seguro limitado para reducir las brechas económicas entre los países miembros. Sin embargo, los países de la UE acordaron el 21 de julio de 2020 desarrollar, por primera vez, transferencias fiscales anticíclicas financiadas por la emisión de deuda común. Discutimos el potencial de este instrumento para contribuir a mejorar la resiliencia de la eurozona..

Keywords: COVID‐19; eurozone; insurance; monetary‐fiscal policy; transfers.

© 2020 The Authors. European Policy Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Policy Studies Organization.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Eurozone financial integration indicators. Source: European Central Bank. Notes: The index of financial integration is based on price co‐movements of asset classes and portfolio diversification across countries. Indicators range from 0 (no integration) to 1 (full integration). Details in Hoffman et al. (2019)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Selected Eurozone sovereign debt spread (in%). Source: Bloomberg. Spreads are reported as compared to yields on German bonds. List of events: (1) Italian nationwide lockdown. (2) German border closure. (3) ECB PEPP. (4) Suspension of the SGP. (5) ESM PCS facility. (6) German constitutional court ruling. (7) French‐German initiative for cross‐country transfers. (8) ECB PEPP increased. (9) EU Council Agreement on Next Generation EU
Figure 3
Figure 3
Eurosystem consolidated assets—by program (in €). Source: Claeys (2020, 2020b). The left‐hand side panel shows the evolution of the Eurosystem's balance sheet since 1999, while the right‐hand side panel zooms in on the developments since the beginning of 2020; MRO: Main Refinancing Operations, LTRO: Long‐Term Refinancing Operations (includes all types of LTROs, including VLTROs and TLTROs), SMP: Securities Market Programme, ABSPP: Asset Backed Securities Purchase Programme, CBPP: Covered Bond Purchase Programme, PSPP: Public Sector Purchase Programme, CSPP: Corporate Sector Purchase Programme, PEPP: Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme
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References

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