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Review
.2021 Aug 2;4(3):ooab052.
doi: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooab052. eCollection 2021 Jul.

Machine learning for modeling the progression of Alzheimer disease dementia using clinical data: a systematic literature review

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Review

Machine learning for modeling the progression of Alzheimer disease dementia using clinical data: a systematic literature review

Sayantan Kumar et al. JAMIA Open..

Abstract

Objective: Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, a syndrome characterized by cognitive impairment severe enough to interfere with activities of daily life. We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) of studies that applied machine learning (ML) methods to clinical data derived from electronic health records in order to model risk for progression of AD dementia.

Materials and methods: We searched for articles published between January 1, 2010, and May 31, 2020, in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, IEEE Explore Digital Library, Association for Computing Machinery Digital Library, and arXiv. We used predefined criteria to select relevant articles and summarized them according to key components of ML analysis such as data characteristics, computational algorithms, and research focus.

Results: There has been a considerable rise over the past 5 years in the number of research papers using ML-based analysis for AD dementia modeling. We reviewed 64 relevant articles in our SLR. The results suggest that majority of existing research has focused on predicting progression of AD dementia using publicly available datasets containing both neuroimaging and clinical data (neurobehavioral status exam scores, patient demographics, neuroimaging data, and laboratory test values).

Discussion: Identifying individuals at risk for progression of AD dementia could potentially help to personalize disease management to plan future care. Clinical data consisting of both structured data tables and clinical notes can be effectively used in ML-based approaches to model risk for AD dementia progression. Data sharing and reproducibility of results can enhance the impact, adaptation, and generalizability of this research.

Keywords: Alzheimer disease; clinical data; dementia; electronic health records; machine learning.

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
PRISMA flow diagram.Abbreviation: ACM: Association for Computing Machinery.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Studies published per year which use machine learning on clinical data for prognostic estimates of Alzheimer’s Disease. For 2020, studies dated till May 31st were considered for the review.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Size of cohort used in the reviewed studies.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Relationship between the modality and accessibility of the datasets used in the included studies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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